Medical Masks vs N95 Respirators for Preventing COVID-19 in Health Care Workers A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

BACKGROUND:

Respiratory protective devices are critical in protecting against infection in health care workers at high risk of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited.

PURPOSE:

To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in health care workers.

DATA SOURCES:

MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from January 1st  2014 to March 9th 2020. Update of published search conducted from January 1st  1990 to December 9th  2014.

STUDY SELECTION:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the protective effect of medical masks to N95 respirators in health care workers.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Reviewer pair independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Four RCTs were meta-analysed adjusting for clustering. Compared to N95 respirators; the use of medical masks did not increase laboratory confirmed viral (including coronaviruses) respiratory infection (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I2 =0%; low certainty in the evidence) or clinical respiratory illness (OR 1.49; 95%CI 0.98-2.28; I2 =78%; very low certainty in the evidence). Only one trial evaluated coronaviruses separately and found no difference between the two groups (p=0.49).

LIMITATIONS:

Indirectness and imprecision of available evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low certainty evidence suggests that medical masks and N95 respirators offer similar protection against viral respiratory infection including coronavirus in health care workers during non-aerosol generating care. Preservation of N95 respirators for high-risk, aerosol generating procedures in this pandemic should be considered when in short supply.