Systematic literature review of the evidence for effective national immunisation schedule promotional communications

INTRODUCTION:

A systematic literature review examined the published evidence on the effectiveness of European promotional communications for national immunisation schedule (NIS) vaccinations. The review was commissioned by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and conducted by the Institute for Social Marketing at the University of Stirling. The purpose of the review: ‘Immunisation hesitancy' has negatively impacted population uptake of routine immunisation. A substantial body of evaluated communication activity promoting nationally indicated routine immunisation has been published. This systematic review of the evidence aims to: collate and map the types of promotional communication that have been used; assess the quality of the evaluative research reporting on these promotional communications; and assess the applicability of this evidence to immunisation policy, strategy and practice priorities. The analysis and findings are intended to provide a current status report on the evidence, and evidence gaps for good practice in national immunisation promotional communications, thus supporting countries in their communication activities for the prevention and control of communicable diseases.

OBJECTIVES OF THE REVIEW:

The review aimed to answer the following research questions: * Which audiences have been targeted by NIS promotional communications? * Which communication methods and approaches have been used to promote or reinforce NIS vaccination uptake? * What theoretical underpinnings are used to inform communication methods and approaches? * Which settings and communication channels have been used to promote or reinforce NIS vaccination uptake? * What is the evidence for effectiveness of communication initiatives in changing or reinforcing knowledge, attitudes or behaviour towards NIS? * What is the evidence for impact of NIS communication initiatives to control communicable disease? * What impact have campaign communications promoting NIS had on public acceptance and vaccine uptake rates?