OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy and to discuss its risks and benefits for treating severe mental illness during pregnancy.
METHOD: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched for English or English-translated articles, case reports, letters, chapters, and Web sites providing original contributions and/or summarizing prior data on ECT administration during pregnancy.
RESULTS: A total of 339 cases were found. The majority of patients were treated for depression and at least partial remission was reported in 78% of all cases where efficacy data were available. Among the 339 cases reviewed, there were 25 fetal or neonatal complications, but only 11 of these, which included two deaths, were likely related to ECT. There were 20 maternal complications reported and 18 were likely related to ECT.
CONCLUSIONS: Although there are limited available data in the literature, it seems that ECT is an effective treatment for severe mental illness during pregnancy and that the risks to fetus and mother are low.
OBJECTIVE: Untreated major mood disorders during pregnancy pose significant risks. The author reviews case reports of the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy to clarify potential risks and modifications of ECT techniques that make the procedure safer for pregnant women.
METHODS: A total of 300 case reports of ECT during pregnancy drawn from the literature from 1942 through 1991 were reviewed.
RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 300 cases reported complications associated with ECT during pregnancy, including transient, benign fetal arrhythmias; mild vaginal bleeding; abdominal pain; and self-limited uterine contractions. Without proper preparation, there was also increased likelihood of aspiration, aortocaval compression, and respiratory alkalosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Electroconvulsive therapy is a relatively safe and effective treatment during pregnancy if steps are taken to decrease potential risks. Preparation for ECT during pregnancy should include a pelvic examination, discontinuation of nonessential anticholinergic medication, uterine tocodynamometry, intravenous hydration, and administration of a nonparticulate antacid. During ECT, elevation of the pregnant woman's right hip, external fetal cardiac monitoring, intubation, and avoidance of excessive hyperventilation are recommended. Informed consent for ECT should include the patient's capacity to understand and rationally evaluate risks and benefits to herself and the fetus.
To review the literature on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during pregnancy and to discuss its risks and benefits for treating severe mental illness during pregnancy.
METHOD:
PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched for English or English-translated articles, case reports, letters, chapters, and Web sites providing original contributions and/or summarizing prior data on ECT administration during pregnancy.
RESULTS:
A total of 339 cases were found. The majority of patients were treated for depression and at least partial remission was reported in 78% of all cases where efficacy data were available. Among the 339 cases reviewed, there were 25 fetal or neonatal complications, but only 11 of these, which included two deaths, were likely related to ECT. There were 20 maternal complications reported and 18 were likely related to ECT.
CONCLUSIONS:
Although there are limited available data in the literature, it seems that ECT is an effective treatment for severe mental illness during pregnancy and that the risks to fetus and mother are low.
Systematic Review Question»Systematic review of interventions
