This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary: To determine if physical treatment interventions are effective in preventing or minimising activity limitation and participation restrictions in those patients developing spasticity post stroke. Secondary: To determine if physical treatment interventions are effective in preventing or minimising impairment, burden of care, patient quality of life and economic burden in those patients developing spasticity post stroke. To identify any adverse effects of physical treatment interventions for spasticity post stroke. To determine whether, in stroke patients with established spasticity: standing is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; active exercise is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; passive exercising/stretching is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; positioning is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; and adjuncts to a physical programme are more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity. To explore the relationship between stroke characteristics, the extent of the established spasticity, acute (one to 12 months post stroke) versus chronic (greater than 12 months post stroke) spasticity, and the effect of physical interventions aimed at managing established spasticity post stroke, using subgroup analysis. standing is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; active exercise is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; passive exercising/stretching is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; positioning is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; and adjuncts to a physical programme are more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity.
INTERVENTION/S/, EXPOSURE/S/: Inclusion criteria: every kind of application of tDCS (anodal on the affected hemisphere, cathodal on the unaffected hemisphere, and bi-hemispherical) on cerebral cortex for motor recovery, with stimulations lasting for longer than five minutes. If a study used an association of tDCS with another additional therapy (for example: motor training...) it will be included only if the same therapy is also associated with the sham-tDCS.
INTERVENTION/S/, EXPOSURE/S/: Post-discharge self-management interventions designed to aid the individual with or without the assistance of family members/carers to manage their health condition. This can include interventions which are aimed at the following issues: Lifestyle - improving health behaviours - diet, exercise etc. - reducing stress/anxiety etc. - aiding social participation Self-administration / medication Education Counselling Studies which focus on prevention of 1st stroke and studies which are clinical/hospital based will be excluded.
REVIEW QUESTION/S/ MAIN QUESTION: Does reach-to-grasp training while restraining compensatory trunk movements result in greater recovery of arm movement patterns in adults with chronic hemiparesis post stroke when compared to any other exercise training of the upper limb? Secondary question: Does reach-to-grasp training while restraining compensatory trunk movements result in greater improvement of functional ability of the upper limb in adults with chronic hemiparesis post stroke when compared to any other exercise training of the upper limb? CONTEXT: Studies in hospitals, rehabilitation units, university settings or home rehabilitation.
INTERVENTION/S/, EXPOSURE/S/: The intervention of interest is functional electrical stimulation. Functional electrical stimulation for this review is defined as electrical stimulation that is applied during a task to improve the performance of that task. Criteria established to define functional electric stimulation for this review: • The stimulator must be external to the body with electrodes placed onto the skin. •The stimulation must produce a muscle contraction that causes movement to either upper or lower limb •Subject will have active involvement with a therapeutic task whilst device is activated. • The intervention must include the practice of task or activities (eg, walking, standing up, reaching for or the manipulation of items) for the majority of the intervention rather than the practice of isolated movements. Studies that use a mix of interventions within the study design will be allowed, however, functional electrical stimulation must be the primary therapeutic intervention. Studies will be excluded if the functional electrical stimulation is used only as an orthosis.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess whether additional exercise therapy has an impact on recovery following stroke when compared with routine exercise therapy. The specific objectives of this review are twofold: To examine the impact of additional exercise therapy time on functional recovery following stroke by reviewing RCTs that assess the effects of additional exercise therapy when compared with routine exercise therapy. To determine a minimum threshold of additional exercise therapy time provided to the experimental group below which no clinically relevant benefit is observed.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and possible adverse effects of acupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke upper limb pain.
INTERVENTION/S/, EXPOSURE/S/: The interventions could include any form of physical or rehabilitation adjunctive therapy applied to the participants or population following BoNT- A injection to the upper or lower limb to include but not limited to: Stretch, casting, splinting, Functional Electronic Stimulation, motor training and Constraint induced movement therapy. Studies were excluded if the participants/ population received no or only assessment or outcome measurement rather than adjunctive therapy interventions following their BoNT- A injection.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary: To determine if physical treatment interventions are effective in preventing or minimising activity limitation and participation restrictions in those patients developing spasticity post stroke. Secondary: To determine if physical treatment interventions are effective in preventing or minimising impairment, burden of care, patient quality of life and economic burden in those patients developing spasticity post stroke. To identify any adverse effects of physical treatment interventions for spasticity post stroke. To determine whether, in stroke patients with established spasticity: standing is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; active exercise is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; passive exercising/stretching is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; positioning is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; and adjuncts to a physical programme are more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity. To explore the relationship between stroke characteristics, the extent of the established spasticity, acute (one to 12 months post stroke) versus chronic (greater than 12 months post stroke) spasticity, and the effect of physical interventions aimed at managing established spasticity post stroke, using subgroup analysis. standing is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; active exercise is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; passive exercising/stretching is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; positioning is more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity; and adjuncts to a physical programme are more effective than control, placebo or no intervention at managing spasticity.
