Primary studies included in this systematic review

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Primary study

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Onabotulinum toxin-A injections for sleep bruxism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

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Journal Neurology
Year 2018
Links Pubmed DOI

This article is included in 6 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (6 references)

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<b>OBJECTIVES: </b>To test the safety and efficacy of onabotulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injections into the masseter and temporalis muscles in patients with symptomatic sleep bruxism.<b>METHODS: </b>Participants 18 to 85 years old with clinically diagnosed sleep bruxism confirmed by polysomnography were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, 1:1, parallel-design trial with open-label extension. Participants were injected with BoNT-A 200 units (60 into each masseter and 40 into each temporalis) or placebo and were evaluated at 4 to 8 weeks after the initial treatment visit. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical global impression (CGI), and the secondary efficacy endpoint was a visual analog scale (VAS) of change in bruxism and in pain at 4 to 8 weeks after injection. Exploratory endpoints included modified Montreal Bruxism Questionnaire, Headache Impact Test-6, total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Self-Rated Anxiety Scale, and polysomnography data, including EMG recordings of the masseter and temporalis muscle bruxing events. Adverse events were recorded.<b>RESULTS: </b>Thirty-one participants were recruited and 23 were randomized (19 female, age 47.4 ± 16.9 years). All 13 randomized to BoNT-A and 9 of 10 randomized to placebo completed the study. CGI (p &lt; 0.05) and VAS of change (p &lt; 0.05) favored the BoNT-A group. None of the exploratory endpoints changed significantly, but total sleep time and number/duration of bruxing episodes favored the BoNT-A group. Two participants randomized to BoNT-A reported a cosmetic change in their smile. No dysphagia or masticatory adverse events were reported.<b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>BoNT-A effectively and safely improved sleep bruxism in this placebo-controlled pilot trial. A large multicenter trial is needed to confirm these encouraging data.<b>Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier: </b>NTC00908050.<b>Class Of Evidence: </b>This study provides Class II evidence that botulinum injections into the masseter and temporalis muscles improve subjective bruxism and painful symptoms associated with sleep bruxism.

Primary study

Unclassified

Efficacy of botulinum toxin in treating myofascial pain and occlusal force characteristics of masticatory muscles in bruxism.

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Journal Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research
Year 2017
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This article is included in 6 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (6 references)

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<b>Aim and OBJECTIVE: </b>The present study was conducted in patients with bruxism to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) (Botox, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) in the treatment of myofascial pain and the occlusal force characteristics of masticatory muscles.<b>MATERIALS AND METHODS: </b>Twenty-four diagnosed with bruxism were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8) and treated by bilateral intramuscular injection of BTX-A and placebo-treated with saline placebo injections and control group where no injections were given. The clinical parameters such as pain at rest and during chewing were assessed and occlusal force analysis system to measure the distribution of occlusal force in bruxism patients. All the three groups were assessed at baseline time and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up appointments. Descriptive analysis showed that improvements in parameters such as pain at rest; pain during chewing clinical outcome variables were higher in the botox treated group than in the placebo-treated subjects.<b>RESULTS: </b>The pain at rest and at chewing decreased in the BTX-A group while remaining constant in the placebo group and control group. There was a significant change in maximum occlusal force in the BTX-A group compared with the other two groups (P &lt; 0.05, post hoc Bonferroni test, no exact P value), and there was no significant difference between the placebo and control groups (post hoc Bonferroni test, no exact P value).<b>CONCLUSION: </b>Results from the present study supported the efficacy of BTX-A to reduce myofascial pain symptoms in bruxers, and effective in reducing the occlusal force.

Primary study

Unclassified

Treatment of chronic pain associated with nocturnal bruxism with botulinum toxin. A prospective and randomized clinical study.

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Authors Al-Wayli H
Journal Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry
Year 2017
Links Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

This article is included in 4 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (4 references)

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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of pain associated with nocturnal bruxism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty subjects reporting nocturnal bruxism were recruited for a randomized clinical trial. Twenty five bruxers were injected with botulinum toxin in both masseters, and twenty five were treated with traditional methods of treating bruxism. Patients were evaluated at 3rd week, 2nd and 6th month and one year after injection and then used to calculate bruxism events. Bruxism symptoms were investigated using questionnaires. RESULTS: Mean pain score due to Bruxism events in the masseter muscle decreased significantly in the botulinum toxin injection group A (P =0.000, highly significant). However, in the conventional treatment group, mean pain score does not show improvement with time (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that botulinum toxin injection reduced the mean pain score and number of bruxism events, most likely by decreasing the muscle activity of masseter rather than affecting the central nervous system. Key words:Temporomandibular pain, nocturnal bruxism, botulinum toxin.

Primary study

Unclassified

Effects of botulinum toxin on jaw motor events during sleep in sleep bruxism patients: a polysomnographic evaluation.

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Authors Shim YJ , Lee MK , Kato T , Park HU , Heo K , Kim ST
Journal Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Year 2014
Links Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

This article is included in 5 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (5 references)

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection on jaw motor episodes during sleep in patients with or without orofacial pain who did not respond to oral splint treatment. METHODS: Twenty subjects with a clinical diagnosis of SB completed this study. Ten subjects received bilateral BoNT-A injections (25 U per muscle) into the masseter muscles only (group A), and the other 10 received the injections into both the masseter and temporalis muscles (group B). Video-polysomnographic (vPSG) recordings were made before and at 4 weeks after injection. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) and orofacial activity (OFA) were scored and analyzed for several parameters (e.g., frequency of episodes, bursts per episode, episode duration). The peak amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the two muscles was also measured. RESULTS: BoNT-A injection did not reduce the frequency, number of bursts, or duration for RMMA episodes in the two groups. The injection decreased the peak amplitude of EMG burst of RMMA episodes in the injected muscles (p < 0.001, repeated measure ANOVA) in both groups. At 4 weeks after injection, 9 subjects self-reported reduction of tooth grinding and 18 subjects self-reported reduction of morning jaw stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: A single BoNT-A injection is an effective strategy for controlling SB for at least a month. It reduces the intensity rather than the generation of the contraction in jaw-closing muscles. Future investigations on the efficacy and safety in larger samples over a longer follow-up period are needed before establishing management strategies for SB with BoNT-A. CITATION: Shim YJ; Lee MK; Kato T; Park HU; Heo K; Kim ST. Effects of botulinum toxin on jaw motor events during sleep in sleep bruxism patients: a polysomnographic evaluation.

Primary study

Unclassified

Effect of botulinum toxin injection on nocturnal bruxism: a randomized controlled trial.

Authors Lee SJ , McCall WD , Kim YK , Chung SC , Chung JW
Journal American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists
Year 2010
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This article is included in 14 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (14 references)

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on nocturnal bruxism. DESIGN: Twelve subjects reporting nocturnal bruxism were recruited for a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Six bruxers were injected with botulinum toxin in both masseters, and six with saline. Nocturnal electromyographic activity was recorded in the subject's natural sleeping environment from masseter and temporalis muscles before injection, and 4, 8, and 12 wks after injection and then used to calculate bruxism events. Bruxism symptoms were investigated using questionnaires. RESULTS: Bruxism events in the masseter muscle decreased significantly in the botulinum toxin injection group (P = 0.027). In the temporalis muscle, bruxism events did not differ between groups or among times. Subjective bruxism symptoms decreased in both groups after injection (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that botulinum toxin injection reduced the number of bruxism events, most likely mediated its effect through a decrease in muscle activity rather than the central nervous system. We controlled for placebo effects by randomizing the interventions between groups, obtaining subjective and objective outcome measures, using the temporalis muscle as a control, and collecting data at three postinjection times. Our controlled study supports the use of botulinum toxin injection as an effective treatment for nocturnal bruxism.

Primary study

Unclassified

Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Treating Myofascial Pain in Bruxers: A Controlled Placebo Pilot Study.

Journal Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice
Year 2008
Links Pubmed DOI

This article is included in 24 Systematic reviews Systematic reviews (24 references) 1 Broad synthesis Broad syntheses (1 reference) 1 Structured summary of primary studies Structured summaries of primary studies (1 reference)

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The present investigation is a preliminary double-blind, controlled placebo, randomized clinical trial with a six month follow-up period. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of type A botulinum toxin (Botox, Allergan, Inc. Irvine, CA) to treat myofascial pain symptoms and to reduce muscle hyperactivity in bruxers. Twenty patients (ten males, ten females; age range 25-45) with a clinical diagnosis of bruxism and myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles were enrolled in a double-blind, controlled placebo, randomized clinical trial, with a treatment group (ten subjects treated with botulinum toxin injections- BTX-A) and a control group (ten subjects treated with saline placebo injections). A number of objective and subjective clinical parameters (pain at rest and during chewing; mastication efficiency; maximum nonassisted and assisted mouth opening, protrusive and laterotrusive movements; functional limitation during usual jaw movements; subjective efficacy of the treatment; tolerance of the treatment) were assessed at baseline time and at one week, one month, and six months follow-up appointments. Descriptive analysis showed that improvements in both objective (range of mandibular movements) and subjective (pain at rest; pain during chewing) clinical outcome variables were higher in the Botox treated group than in the placebo treated subjects. Patients treated with BTX-A had a higher subjective improvement in their perception of treatment efficacy than the placebo subjects. Differences were not significant in some cases due to the small sample size. Results from the present study supported the efficacy of BTX-A to reduce myofascial pain symptoms in bruxers, and provided pilot data which need to be confirmed by further research using larger samples.