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Broad synthesis / Overview of systematic reviews

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Revista BMC public health
Year 2023
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Background: This study aimed to identify targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. Umbrella review methodology was used to summarise the effectiveness across a broad range of interventions, in order to identify which interventions should be considered for inclusion within universal health coverage schemes in low- and middle-income countries. Methods and findings: We included systematic reviews with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted interventions addressing alcohol use in harmful drinkers or individuals with alcohol use disorder. We only included outcomes related to alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, binge drinking, abstinence, or alcohol-attributable accident, injury, morbidity or mortality. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International HTA Database were searched from inception to 3 September 2021. Risk of bias of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. After reviewing the abstracts of 9,167 articles, results were summarised narratively and certainty in the body of evidence for each intervention was assessed using GRADE. In total, 86 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the majority reported outcomes for brief intervention (30 studies) or pharmacological interventions (29 studies). Overall, methodological quality of included studies was low. Conclusions: For harmful drinking, brief interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, and motivational interviewing showed a small effect, whereas mentoring in adolescents and children may have a significant long-term effect. For alcohol use disorder, social network approaches and acamprosate showed evidence of a significant and durable effect. More evidence is required on the effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), nalmefene, and quetiapine, as well as optimal combinations of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. As an umbrella review, we were unable to identify the extent to which variation between studies stemmed from differences in intervention delivery or variation between country contexts. Further research is required on applicability of findings across settings and best practice for implementation. Funded by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, grant number 61–00-1812. © 2023, The Author(s).

Broad synthesis / Overview of systematic reviews

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Revista Journal of Psychotherapy Integration
Year 2020
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COVID-19 public health proscriptions have created severe if temporary, barriers to accessing face-to-face psychotherapy across the world. As disruptive as these are, they come on top of more long-standing barriers to getting psychotherapy faced by millions in need. eHealth interventions offer an avenue for redressing both types of barriers, but evidence about their efficacy remains a concern. This review of reviews and meta-analyses outlines the strength of evidence and effect sizes for guided and unguided approaches to eHealth interventions targeting common problems in psychotherapy (i.e., depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and general well-being). After a comprehensive search, a total of 65 reviews and meta-analyses were identified and evaluated for treatment effects, moderators, acceptability, and attrition. Findings show eHealth is acceptable and effective at improving depression, anxiety, alcohol-related problems, and general mental health compared to waitlist, and can even offer benefit as an adjunct to traditional psychotherapy. Mixed evidence was found when comparing guided versus unguided interventions as well as the strength of benefit relative to active controls and the degree to which these approaches are associated with attrition. eHealth interventions have the potential to be an effective tool for redressing both new and old psychotherapy access barriers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Broad synthesis / Overview of systematic reviews

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Many unhealthy behaviors often begin during adolescence and represent major public health challenges. Substance abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities, as its effects are cumulative, contributing to costly social, physical, and mental health problems. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents. We report findings from a total of 46 systematic reviews focusing on interventions for smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance abuse. Our overview findings suggest that among smoking/tobacco interventions, school-based prevention programs and family-based intensive interventions typically addressing family functioning are effective in reducing smoking. Mass media campaigns are also effective given that these were of reasonable intensity over extensive periods of time. Among interventions for alcohol use, school-based alcohol prevention interventions have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking, while family-based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents. For drug abuse, school-based interventions based on a combination of social competence and social influence approaches have shown protective effects against drugs and cannabis use. Among the interventions targeting combined substance abuse, school-based primary prevention programs are effective. Evidence from Internet-based interventions, policy initiatives, and incentives appears to be mixed and needs further research. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions components with standardized intervention and outcome measures. Various delivery platforms, including digital platforms and policy initiative, have the potential to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents; however, these require further research.

Broad synthesis / Overview of systematic reviews

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Revista Annals of internal medicine
Year 2015
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BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. PURPOSE: To review the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco cessation. DATA SOURCES: 5 databases and 8 organizational Web sites were searched through 1 August 2014 for systematic reviews, and PubMed was searched through 1 March 2015 for trials on electronic nicotine delivery systems. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers examined 114 articles to identify English-language reviews that reported health, cessation, or adverse outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer abstracted data from good- and fair-quality reviews, and a second checked for accuracy. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifty-four reviews were included. Behavioral interventions increased smoking cessation at 6 months or more (physician advice had a pooled risk ratio [RR] of 1.76 [95% CI, 1.58 to 1.96]). Nicotine replacement therapy (RR, 1.60 [CI, 1.53 to 1.68]), bupropion (RR, 1.62 [CI, 1.49 to 1.76]), and varenicline (RR, 2.27 [CI, 2.02 to 2.55]) were also effective for smoking cessation. Combined behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions increased cessation by 82% compared with minimal intervention or usual care (RR, 1.82 [CI, 1.66 to 2.00]). None of the drugs were associated with major cardiovascular adverse events. Only 2 trials addressed efficacy of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and found no benefit. Among pregnant women, behavioral interventions benefited cessation and perinatal health; effects of nicotine replacement therapy were not significant. LIMITATION: Evidence published after each review's last search date was not included. CONCLUSION: Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions improve rates of smoking cessation among the general adult population, alone or in combination. Data on the effectiveness and safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems are limited. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Broad synthesis

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Revista Preventive medicine
Year 2015
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OBJETIVO: As revisões sistemáticas (SRS) deve incluir informações politicamente relevantes, a fim de informar mais facilmente políticas e práticas. Nós investigamos se SRs de intervenções de prevenção do sobrepeso e obesidade são enquadrados de tal forma que maximiza a sua utilidade para os decisores políticos. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de SRs de intervenções de sobrepeso e obesidade de prevenção publicados em 4 bancos de dados qualquer momento, até Dezembro de 2014. Foram analisados ​​os SRs por sua utilidade para os decisores políticos, usando um quadro de codificação desenvolvido com base na literatura em torno do que os políticos querem e precisam de revisões sistemáticas. As revisões sistemáticas foram avaliados para a) as ligações políticas e quadros; b) avaliação da qualidade e conflito de declarações de juros; e c) discussão das implicações políticas. RESULTADOS: Dos 153 SRs que preencheram os critérios de inclusão, muito poucos (7%) tiveram autores de organizações baseadas em políticas, 48% tinham o financiamento de tais organizações, e quase um terço (31%) enquadrado sua introdução ou objectivos em torno da política. A maioria (69%) discutiram questões que afetam a generalização das conclusões SR mas apenas um quarto (24%) discutiram custo ou custo-eficácia da intervenção sob investigação. Menos de um terço (29%) de SRs discutidas as implicações políticas de suas descobertas. SRs que estavam em políticas enquadrado foram significativamente mais propensos a discutir custos (PR = 1,8, IC 95% 1,0-3,0) e implicações políticas (PR = 2,5, IC 95% 1,5-4,0). CONCLUSÃO: SRS deve discutir a política e prática implicações das suas descobertas para maximizar a influência de SRs na formulação de políticas. Recomenda-se que as orientações SR são atualizados para incluir generalização e discussão das implicações políticas e prática como uma exigência.

Broad synthesis / Overview of systematic reviews

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Autores Ekeland AG , Bowes A , Flottorp S
Revista International journal of medical informatics
Year 2010
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OBJETIVOS: realizar uma revisão de opiniões sobre os impactos e custos de serviços de telemedicina. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão de revisões sistemáticas de intervenções de telemedicina foi conduzido. Intervenções incluíram todas as intervenções e-saúde, tecnologias de informação e comunicação para a comunicação em saúde, intervenções baseadas na Internet para diagnóstico e tratamentos, e assistência social, se parte importante dos cuidados de saúde e em colaboração com os cuidados de saúde para pacientes com condições crônicas foram considerados relevantes. Cada revisão sistemática potencialmente relevante foi avaliada em texto completo por um membro de uma equipe de peritos externos, usando uma lista de verificação revista de EPOC (Cochrane prática efetiva e Organização do Grupo Care) para avaliar a qualidade. A análise qualitativa das opiniões incluídas foi informado por princípios de realismo revisão. RESULTADOS: No total, 1.593 títulos / resumos foram identificados. Após avaliação da qualidade, a revisão incluiu 80 heterogêneas revisões sistemáticas. Vinte e uma opiniões concluiu que a telemedicina é eficaz, 18 acharam que a prova é promissor mas incompleta e outros que a evidência é limitada e inconsistente. Temas emergentes são a natureza particularmente problemático de análises econômicas da telemedicina, os benefícios da telemedicina para os pacientes, e telemedicina como complexos e em curso realizações colaborativas em processos imprevisíveis. CONCLUSÕES: O surgimento de áreas de tópicos novos neste campo dinâmico é notável e os revisores estão começando a explorar novas questões além daquelas de clínica e custo-efetividade. Comentadores apontam para uma contínua necessidade de estudos maiores da telemedicina como intervenções controladas, e mais foco nas perspectivas de pacientes, análises económicas e de inovações de telemedicina como processos complexos e em curso realizações colaborativas. Avaliações formativas estão emergindo como uma área de interesse.