Beetroot juice contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3-) and its intake has proved effective at increasing blood nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Given the effects of NO in promoting vasodilation and blood flow with beneficial impacts on muscle contraction, several studies have detected an ergogenic effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise efforts with high oxidative energy metabolism demands. However, only a scarce yet growing number of investigations have sought to assess the effects of this supplement on performance at high-intensity exercise. Here we review the few studies that have addressed this issue. The databases Dialnet, Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish published from 2010 to March 31 to 2017 using the keywords: beet or beetroot or nitrate or nitrite and supplement or supplementation or nutrition or "sport nutrition" and exercise or sport or "physical activity" or effort or athlete. Nine articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Results indicate that beetroot juice given as a single dose or over a few days may improve performance at intermittent, high-intensity efforts with short rest periods. The improvements observed were attributed to faster phosphocreatine resynthesis which could delay its depletion during repetitive exercise efforts. In addition, beetroot juice supplementation could improve muscle power output via a mechanism involving a faster muscle shortening velocity. The findings of some studies also suggested improved indicators of muscular fatigue, though the mechanism involved in this effect remains unclear.

Athletes use nutritional supplementation to enhance the effects of training and achieve improvements in their athletic performance. Beetroot juice increases levels of nitric oxide (NO), which serves multiple functions related to increased blood flow, gas exchange, mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency, and strengthening of muscle contraction. These biomarker improvements indicate that supplementation with beetroot juice could have ergogenic effects on cardiorespiratory endurance that would benefit athletic performance. The aim of this literature review was to determine the effects of beetroot juice supplementation and the combination of beetroot juice with other supplements on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. A keyword search of DialNet, MedLine, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases covered publications from 2010 to 2016. After excluding reviews/meta-analyses, animal studies, inaccessible full-text, and studies that did not supplement with beetroot juice and adequately assess cardiorespiratory endurance, 23 articles were selected for analysis. The available results suggest that supplementation with beetroot juice can improve cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes by increasing efficiency, which improves performance at various distances, increases time to exhaustion at submaximal intensities, and may improve the cardiorespiratory performance at anaerobic threshold intensities and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Although the literature shows contradictory data, the findings of other studies lead us to hypothesize that supplementing with beetroot juice could mitigate the ergolytic effects of hypoxia on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. It cannot be stated that the combination of beetroot juice with other supplements has a positive or negative effect on cardiorespiratory endurance, but it is possible that the effects of supplementation with beetroot juice can be undermined by interaction with other supplements such as caffeine.

High blood pressure during pregnancy poses significant risks to both the mother and baby. A combination of factors, including advancing maternal age, rising obesity rates, and metabolic health issues, have amplified the prevalence of this condition. While conventional medicines are available, safety during pregnancy remains a concern. Recent studies suggest that beetroot might be a safer alternative. The efficacy of beetroot is attributed to its ability to stimulate the body\'s production of a natural compound that aids in dilating and relaxing blood vessels. Preliminary studies conducted on mice and a select group of pregnant women have yielded encouraging results. Early tests indicated that after consuming beetroot supplements, there was a reduction in blood pressure and an improvement in the health of the mother\'s uterine artery-a vital vessel responsible for nourishing the fetus. The study aims to delve deeper by evaluating the effects of beetroot juice on pregnant women from the beginning of pregnancy and continuing it throughout the term. If the results are positive, beetroot could revolutionize the approach to blood pressure management during pregnancy, paving the way for healthier futures for both mothers and their babies.

The BEET PAD Trial is a multi-centered double-blind randomized clinical trial designed to determine whether beetroot juice, compared to placebo, improves six-minute walk distance at four month follow-up in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Investigators hypothesize that by simultaneously increasing lower extremity perfusion, gastrocnemius muscle mitochondrial activity, and myofiber health and regeneration, beetroot juice will significantly improve walking performance in people with PAD. The primary aim is to determine whether beetroot juice significantly improves six-minute walk distance at 4-month follow-up in people with PAD, compared to placebo. Preliminary evidence suggests that beetroot juice has both acute and chronic effects on walking performance in PAD. The primary outcome will measure the combined acute and chronic effect of beetroot juice (i.e. the maximal effect) on change in 6-minute walk at 4-month follow-up. In secondary aims, investigators will distinguish between acute and chronic effects of beetroot juice on six-minute walk and delineate biologic pathways by which beetroot juice improves walking performance in PAD, by measuring change in gastrocnemius muscle perfusion (MRI arterial spin labeling) and gastrocnemius muscle health. The trial will assess the durability of beetroot juice effects on six-minute walk. Nitrate in beetroot juice is metabolized to nitrite and subsequently to NO, attaining peak nitrite levels 2.5 hours after ingestion. The trial will determine whether a higher peak or a greater increase in plasma nitrite at 2.5 hours after beetroot juice consumption at baseline has a greater effect on six-minute walk at 4-month follow-up, compared to a lower peak or a smaller increase, respectively.

This study seeks to determine the feasibility of an exercise training progression with the consumption of beetroot juice prior to exercise in postmenopausal women. Results from this investigation will be used to determine preliminary effect sizes for exercise training only (control) and exercise training + beetroot juice (EX+BR) to inform the direction of larger randomized clinical trials on pre-post changes in measures of cardiovascular health and endothelial function.

Beetroot juice is a dietary supplement with good evidence for improving sports performance in different sport contexts, however, the evidence about the effects of beetroot juice in jump capacity is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive examination of beetroot juice effects on vertical jump performance

Researchers found that drinking beetroot juice daily improves submaximal aerobic endurance in patients with cardiac failure and preserved ejection fraction.

The effects of beet juice supplementation on different types of physical performance have been examined in many studies. However, although the number of studies, including the effect of beet juice on physical performance, measuring blood lactate and fatigue levels in swimmers, is limited, most studies focused on acute intake. This study investigated the effects of beetroot juice on anaerobic performance, fatigue, and blood lactate in adolescent male swimmers.Swimmers underwent a single-blind intervention, consuming either a 2x250 ml placebo (0.6 mmol NO3- ) or beetroot juice (8 mmol NO3-) (rich in nitrate, NO3-) for six days. Performance was measured through an 8x100-meter maximal effort swim, with blood lactate and perceived fatigue assessed before and after.

INTERVENTION:

Intervention 1: Intervention group: Red beetroot powder prepared by Pak Shilan Negin Salamat private company located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, producing all kinds of fruit powder, summer vegetables, and dried vegetables, 7 grams twice a day (14 grams daily) for 12 weeks. (3 months), it is eaten with yogurt, salad, or a meal during lunch and dinner. Intervention 2: Control group: Rice powder prepared by Pak Shilan Negin Salamat private company located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, producing all kinds of fruit powder, summer vegetables, and dried vegetables, 7 grams twice a day (14 grams daily) for 12 weeks (3 months ), it is eaten with yogurt, salad, or a meal during lunch and dinner.

CONDITION:

Prediabetes. ; Impaired glucose tolerance (oral) R73.02

PRIMARY OUTCOME:

2‐hour blood glucose. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Fasting blood sugar. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Fasting insulin. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Hemoglobin A1C. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula. The quantitative insulin‐sensitivity check index. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula.

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Age 20‐80 years old BMI 18‐35 kg/m2

SECONDARY OUTCOME:

Alanine transaminase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Alkaline Phosphatase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Aspartate aminotransferase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Blood urea nitrogen. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Gamma‐glutamyltransferase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Glutathione. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. High density lipoprotein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. High sensitivity‐C Reactive Protein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Low density lipoprotein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Serum creatinine. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Kinetic Jaffe calorimetry. The Fibrosis‐4 score. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula. Total antioxidant capacity. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Total oxidative stress. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Triglyceride. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Urine creatinine. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Kinetic Jaffe calorimetry. Urine microalbumin. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Consumption of \"ready meals\" and other convenience foods are rapidly increasing. However, their nutritional value is problematical. For example, many are high in fats which are potentially oxidisable resulting in the formation of toxic end products. Consequently the aim of this study is to assess whether consumption of \"ready meals\" rich in certain fats leads to a post-prandial increase in lipid oxidation products in plasma and whether this can be ameliorated by reformulating the meals with natural extracts rich in phytochemicals with potential antioxidant activity in the stomach