Os coronavírus são um grupo de vírus de RNA altamente diversificados, da família Coronaviridae, divididos em quatro gêneros: alfa, beta, gama e delta, que causam doenças leves a graves em seres humanos e animais. Há coronavírus humanos endêmicos, como os alfacoronavírus 229E e NL63 os betacoronavírus OC43 e HKU1, que causam síndrome gripal ou pneumonia em seres humanos. No entanto, já surgiram dois coronavírus zoonóticos causadores de doença grave em seres humanos: o coronavírus causador da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV) de 2002-2003 e o coronavírus causador da síndrome respiratória do Oriente Médio (MERS-CoV). Em janeiro de 2020, o agente etiológico responsável por um cluster de casos de pneumonia grave em Wuhan, China, foi identificado como sendo um novo betacoronavírus, diferente do SARS-CoV e do MERS-CoV (6). Em 11 de fevereiro de 2020, o International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) [Comitê Internacional de Taxonomia Viral] anunciou que o vírus havia sido nomeado coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) e, no mesmo dia, a OMS nomeou a doença como doença do novo coronavírus, COVID-19 (8). Para fins de comunicação, vamos nos referir ao vírus como “vírus causador da COVID-19” ou “vírus da COVID-19”. As sequências genômicas completas do vírus da COVID-19 já foram divulgadas e diferentes protocolos de detecção molecular já foram desenvolvidos. Considerando-se a circulação atual da COVID-19 na região das Américas, a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde / Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) recomenda aos Estados Membros que assegurem a identificação rápida de casos suspeitos, coleta e envio de amostras aos laboratórios de referência, e implementação de protocolos de detecção molecular, de acordo com a capacidade laboratorial. Em 19 de março de 2020, a OMS atualizou sua orientação provisória sobre testes laboratoriais para a doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) em casos suspeitos em seres humanos, incluindo informações sobre coleta e envio de amostras, testes laboratoriais e notificação de casos e resultados de testes. A OMS também atualiza as definições de casos suspeitos de COVID-19, conforme necessário .

Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has emerged that people living with diabetes were at risk of severe forms of the disease. In order to better characterize the link between diabetes and COVID-19, we designed the CORONAvirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes (CORONADO) study, a French multicenter trial conducted in 2951 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 in 68 centers. The goals of CORONADO were to describe the phenotypic characteristics of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 and to identify some prognosis factors, to improve their clinical management. In this short review, we summarized the main results of CORONADO and the lessons we can learn regarding the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19.

Objective Chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) were used to rapidly detect the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the results of the two methods were compared . Methods Chemiluminescence and ELISA analysis technology were used to detect the serum SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgM/IgG in 97 patients with new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) nucleic acid, and these two detection methods were used to detect other non-SARS-CoV-2 100 samples of infected serum. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the detection results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM chemiluminescence detection kit were 61.9% (60/97) and 100% (100/100), respectively. The sensitivity of this method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG And specificity are 92.8% (90/97) and 100% (100/100) respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM ELISA test kit are 3.1% (3/97) and 100% respectively (100/100); the sensitivity and specificity of this method for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection were 62.9% (61/97) and 100% (100/100), respectively. Conclusion In this experiment, the sensitivity of chemiluminescence and ELISA detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection was higher than that of SARS-CoV-2 IgM, and the sensitivity of chemiluminescence detection was higher than that of ELISA method.

This article has no abstract

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a new, rapidly emerging zoonotic infectious disease, that was reported to the World Health Organization for the first time on 31 December 2019. Currently, no effective pharmacological interventions or vaccines are available to treat or prevent COVID-19, therefore nonpharmacological public health measures are more in focus.

OBJECTIVES:

The aim was to assess the effects of quarantine - alone or in combination with other measures - during coronavirus outbreaks.

METHODS:

Because of the current COVID-19 pandemic, WHO commissioned a rapid review. To save time, the method of systematic reviews was slightly and with caution modified. This publication is a summary of the most important aspects of the rapid review, translated into German by members of the WHO Collaborating Centre at the Danube University Krems (Austria).

RESULTS:

Overall, 29 studies were included. Ten modeling studies focused on COVID-19, 4 observational studies and 15 modeling studies focused on SARS and MERS. The modeling studies consistently reported a benefit of the simulated quarantine measures. For example, the models estimated that quarantine of people exposed to confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 prevented between 44 and 81% of the cases that would otherwise have happened and 31 to 63% of the deaths, when compared to no such measures. In regard to costs, the earlier the quarantine measures are implemented, the greater the cost savings will be.

CONCLUSION:

Our confidence in the evidence is very limited. This is mainly because the COVID-19 studies based their models on the limited data that have been available in the early weeks of the pandemic and made different assumptions about the virus. The studies of SARS and MERS are not completely generalizable to COVID-19. Despite only having limited evidence, all the studies found quarantine to be important for controlling the spread of severe coronavirus diseases. Looking to the coming months, in order to maintain the best possible balance of measures, decision makers must continue to constantly monitor the outbreak situation and the impact of the measures they implement.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic with SARS-CoV‑2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in January 2020, more than 100 cases of pregnant Chinese women have been published, including individuals with gestational diabetes (GDM). The descriptive overview reports on the clinical presentation of COVID-19 as well as on obstetric and neonatal outcome data. The main symptoms of the overall milder course of infection are fever, cough and dyspnea. So far, there is no evidence of intrauterine transmission of the virus and no evidence of breast milk transfer. Postnatal infections of infants of infected mothers are documented, but the course is usually mild. The available data are informative for preparing health professionals for the expected infections in pregnant women with the comorbidity diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Objectives: this study systematically reviewed the literature in order to better understand the association among COVID-19, pregnancy and neonates. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, BVS and SCOPUS were assessed, considering the terms: (covid 19 OR covid-19 OR novel coronavirus OR 2019 novel coronavirus OR 2019-nCoV OR sarscov 2 OR sars-cov-2 OR sarscov2 OR sars cov-2) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant OR pregnant women OR gestation OR gestational) AND (infant OR fetal OR neonatal). Thirty full-text were included (408 pregnant women, 11 non-pregnant women and 279 neonates). Results: fever (45.83%) and cough (31.61%) were the main symptoms of COVID-19 during the pregnancy. Low levels of lymphocytes (32.10%), elevated levels of C-reactive protein (32.35%); leukocytosis (29.41%); neutrophil (5.88%); and radiographic alterations on chest CT, x-ray or ultrasound (45.84%) were the main laboratorial findings. Cesarean delivery and preterm were registered in 239 and 49 cases, respectively. Ten neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: when COVID-19 pneumonia affects women during pregnancy, the symptoms are similar to those experienced by non-pregnant women. In addition, there is still no plausible evidence suggesting vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from mother to child.

This article has no abstract

BACKGROUND:

The appearance of new infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, poses a challenge in monitoring pregnancy and preventing obstetric and neonatal complications. A scoping review has the objective to review the information available in pregnant women infected with the MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses to assess the similarities in terms of and differences in the clinical characteristics of the mothers and neonatal outcomes.

METHODS:

We carried out a bibliographic search (scoping review) according to the PRISMA guidelines between March and April 2020 in the MEDLINE, SciELO, and CUIDEN databases and the Elsevier COVID-19 Information Center.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 20 articles with a total of 102 cases. 9 of MERS-CoV, 14 of SARS-CoV and 79 of SARS-CoV-2. Fever (75.5%) and pneumonia (73.5%) were the most frequent symptoms in infected pregnant women. The most frequent obstetric complications were the threat of premature delivery (23.5%) and caesarean section (74.5%). No vertical transmission was documented in any of the infants.

CONCLUSIONS:

All three coronaviruses produce pneumonia with very similar symptoms, being milder in the case of SARSCoV2. Despite documented obstetric complications, neonatal outcomes are mostly favorable. Increased knowledge is needed to improve and prevent obstetric and neonatal complications from these infections in pregnant women

ABSTRACT Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 was recently isolated from human airway epithelial cells in January 2020. This virus has caused a pandemic that challenges the global public health infrastructure. Objective: to review the available bibliography on COVID-19. Methods: a systematic review of publications in Medline and PubMed databases was performed using the following key words: COVID-19, COVID-2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, Wuhan, and coronavirus. Conclusions: there were selected forty-two publications which were important to understand the pathogenic characteristics of COVID-19 in the context of the pandemic declared by the World Health Organization.