INTERVENTION:

Intervention 1: Intervention group: Red beetroot powder prepared by Pak Shilan Negin Salamat private company located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, producing all kinds of fruit powder, summer vegetables, and dried vegetables, 7 grams twice a day (14 grams daily) for 12 weeks. (3 months), it is eaten with yogurt, salad, or a meal during lunch and dinner. Intervention 2: Control group: Rice powder prepared by Pak Shilan Negin Salamat private company located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, producing all kinds of fruit powder, summer vegetables, and dried vegetables, 7 grams twice a day (14 grams daily) for 12 weeks (3 months ), it is eaten with yogurt, salad, or a meal during lunch and dinner.

CONDITION:

Prediabetes. ; Impaired glucose tolerance (oral) R73.02

PRIMARY OUTCOME:

2‐hour blood glucose. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Fasting blood sugar. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Fasting insulin. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Hemoglobin A1C. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula. The quantitative insulin‐sensitivity check index. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula.

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Age 20‐80 years old BMI 18‐35 kg/m2

SECONDARY OUTCOME:

Alanine transaminase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Alkaline Phosphatase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Aspartate aminotransferase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Blood urea nitrogen. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Gamma‐glutamyltransferase. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Glutathione. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. High density lipoprotein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. High sensitivity‐C Reactive Protein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Low density lipoprotein. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Serum creatinine. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Kinetic Jaffe calorimetry. The Fibrosis‐4 score. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Calculated by formula. Total antioxidant capacity. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Total oxidative stress. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Triglyceride. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Enzyme calorimetry method. Urine creatinine. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: Kinetic Jaffe calorimetry. Urine microalbumin. Timepoint: At the baseline and after 12 weeks. Method of measurement: The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Consumption of \"ready meals\" and other convenience foods are rapidly increasing. However, their nutritional value is problematical. For example, many are high in fats which are potentially oxidisable resulting in the formation of toxic end products. Consequently the aim of this study is to assess whether consumption of \"ready meals\" rich in certain fats leads to a post-prandial increase in lipid oxidation products in plasma and whether this can be ameliorated by reformulating the meals with natural extracts rich in phytochemicals with potential antioxidant activity in the stomach

This article has no abstract

This article has no abstract

INTERVENTION:

The UKvNZ is a randomized controlled crossover trial designed to compare the benefits of juice from beetroot grown in NZ and UK following 7 days’ supplementation on exercise, cognitive performance, and cardiovascular function. Participants will come to the lab for four trials namely, familiarization trial, placebo, UK beetroot juice, and NZ beetroot juice trial. During the familiarization trial participants will provide blood sample using venipuncture (baseline plasma nitrite/nitrate) and complete the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test. After a 15min rest, they will complete a familiarization of the 4‐km cycling time trial. Participants will undertake 6 days’ supplementation after the familiarization trial (with one of the three drinks: placebo, UK beetroot juice drink or NZ beetroot juice drink) for each trial; on the 7th day, will be asked to come into the lab fasted. Participants will provide a finger prick blood sample and will consume breakfast and then undergo baseline tests. Participants will then consume assigned supplement and will wait for 2.5 h before completing the 120‐minute cycling exercise at 70% of VO2max. This will be followed by the 4‐km cycling time trial followed by the 4‐km cycling time trial test. The test beverage will also be provided 60 min into the 120‐minute exercise test. Outcome measures will be taken before, during and after the time trial. There will be a 7 days’ washout period after each trial. Female participants taking contraceptive pills will be able to come in for the main trial during days 3‐7 of their placebo; those not taking any contraceptives will be required to come during the early follicular phase (days 3‐7); therefore, there will be longer duration between study visits for female participants.

P CONDITION:

Mental Health;Exercise Performance; ; Mental Health ; Exercise Performance Musculoskeletal ‐ Normal musculoskeletal and cartilage development and function

PRIMARY OUTCOME:

Plasma nitrate levels will be assessed to evaluate the bioavailability of these compounds in the beverage[Blood samples (6ml; venepuncture) will be taken at the familiarization trial and during the main trial before the drink is ingested (‐2.5h), immediately pre‐exercise (0h), post‐exercise ( 1h) to assess plasma nitrate and nitrite. ] The main primary outcome is the 4‐km time trial (TT) performance [Time taken to complete the 4‐km TT as well as the mean watts throughout the 4‐km TT] Plasma nitrite levels will be assessed to evaluate the bioavailability of these compounds in the beverage[Blood samples (6ml; venepuncture) will be taken at the familiarization trial and during the main trial before the drink is ingested (‐2.5h), immediately pre‐exercise (0h), post‐exercise ( 1h) to assess plasma nitrate and nitrite. ]

SECONDARY OUTCOME:

Feeling scale will also be evaluated as part of the perceptual measures for the participants[The feeling scale will be measured before (0 h), during (30 min intervals), and after the exercise test.] The felt arousal scale will also be evaluated as part of the perceptual measures for the participants[The felt arousal scale will be measured before (0 h), during (30 min intervals), and after the exercise test (2.5 h).] Heart rate will be measured using a heart rate monitor. [Heart rate will be measured continuously during exercise] Ratings of perceived exertion will be evaluated as a part of the perceptual measures for the participants[Ratings of perceived exertion will be measured before (0 h), during (30 min intervals), and after the exercise test ]

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Participants must be proficient in English and must be between the ages of 18‐45 years old. They should be well trained and be able to cycle at a moderate intensity for 120 min and also complete a 4 km timed trial.

This article has no abstract

Purpose of review: Low-glycemic diets are crucial, particularly for individuals with diet-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Therefore, observing the impact of multiple forms of red beetroot-based products on the glycemic profiles of humans under various health conditions has arguably become significant due to beetroot's high fiber content, antioxidants, inorganic nitrates, etc., which this review aims to summarize. Recent findings: The relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022 were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect by following the PRISMA-P 2020 statement. This systematic review included 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT), and one quasi-experimental (QE) study, and they covered different health conditions, e.g., type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, etc. The studies produced conflicting results, likely due to differences in the study design, dosage, duration, and population. The risk of bias in most of the RCTs and QE studies included in the review was assessed as low or moderate, and only one non-RCT was assessed as having a high risk of bias. Summary: Red beetroot may help maintain the blood sugar levels of humans under different health conditions. However, the existing results on beetroot's potential for glycemic management are unclear due to varied outcomes across studies. Further intervention studies with standardized protocols and diverse participant groups are necessary to assess the role of beetroot products in regulating blood sugar levels before making a definitive judgment.

Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation have both been associated with a decrease in blood pressure in humans(1). The effects seem to be mediated by an increased non-enzymatic conversion of nitrate into nitric oxide, a key endothelial-derived vasodilator(2). The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in humans. We searched the Embase, Medline and Scopus medical databases from inception until March 2012. The databases were searched for title and abstract and were restricted to human, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials published in English. Predefined search terms (nitrate, blood pressure, hypertension, vascular, nitrate, nitric oxide, beet root) and Boolean operators (AND, OR, ∗) were used to increase the power of the search strategy. The protocol for the study has been registered with PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42012002144). We identified 8284 records and 3135 articles were included in the database after removal of duplicates. Titles and abstracts of each article were independently evaluated for eligibility by two members of the research team (IO, MS) and discrepancies were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer (JL). Twenty-two articles were selected and the full text of each manuscript was obtained for data extraction. The reference lists of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched to retrieve other potential eligible articles. Eight articles were excluded after data extraction and 14 studies were included in the database for the final analysis (Table 1). (Table presented) All studies were characterized by a crossover, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study design. Thirteen studies included healthy volunteers and one study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes. Large heterogeneity was observed in the duration of the interventions (range: 3 hours - 15 days) but it was not associated with changes in SBP and DBP. An improvement in SBP was observed in 11 studies whereas only 5 studies reported a decrease in DBP. Beetroot juice supplementation did not have an effect on BP in type 2 diabetic patients. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation are both associated with beneficial effects on vascular homeostasis, which could be mechanistically explained by an increased generation of nitric oxide. The majority of the studies have been conducted in healthy individuals and therefore the benefits of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation in subjects at high risk of cardiovascular diseases remain to be established.

INTERVENTION:

Intervention1: Solution of 100% Beetroot and Black plum extract: Freshly prepared 15ml of beetroot and black plum solution, once applied topically on the tooth surface for 2 minutes. Control Intervention1: commercially disclosing agent: 15ml of AlphaPlac DPI disclosing agent applied once topically for 2 minutes

CONDITION:

PRIMARY OUTCOME:

the ability to disclose the plaque with disclosing solutionsTimepoint: 2 months

SECONDARY OUTCOME:

comparison between commercially disclosing agent and beetroot and black plum disclosing agentTimepoint: 2 months

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Healthy individuals. Fresh unfreezed beetroot and blackplum. Individuals willing to give informed consent.

INTERVENTION:

Dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice, equivalent to 15mmol/L nitrate daily for 8 weeks. Overall intake will be approx. 250ml daily. Juice composition will be 72% beetroot and 28% apple juice. Subjects otherwise will maintain their normal diet and exercise regimens. The trial will be conducted at the John Hunter Hospital, NSW, Australia by the principal investigators: 1. A/Prof Aaron Sverdlov ‐ Senior Consultant Cardiologist, Director of Heart Failure 2. A/Prof Doan Ngo ‐ Senior Research Fellow, Associate Professor, University of Newcastle; Pharmacist Obese individuals (BMI greater or equal to 30kg/m2), aged ranging 20‐60 years with no history of heart disease, or diabetes who are not on a regular exercise regime will be randomized into 2 groups: beetroot juice supplementation (Group A, 25 participants) vs. identical nitrate‐depleted placebo (Group B, 25 participants) daily for 8 weeks. Subjects in both groups will be matched for age, gender and BMI. The active juice and the placebo will be provided by the investigators. Adherence will be monitored using food diary, provided to the participants.

CONDITION:

Heart Disease Obesity

PRIMARY OUTCOME:

The primary end‐point will be the impact of beetroot juice on exercise capacity, assessed by Maximal‐Effort Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test and a Constant‐Intensity Protocol Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

SECONDARY OUTCOME:

Secondary outcomes will assess impact of beetroot juice supplementation on markers of endothelial function assessed by applanation tonometry Secondary outcomes will assess impact of beetroot juice supplementation on markers of inflammation assessed on blood tests ; Secondary outcomes will assess impact of beetroot juice supplementation on markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis (composite) assessed on blood tests ; Secondary outcomes will assess impact of beetroot juice supplementation on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Small sample of skeletal muscle will be obtained by fine needle biopsy, mitochondria will be isolated and function measured as described by Sverdlov et al, J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5(1). pii: e002555

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Males and females BMI greater or equal to 30kg/m2 20 to 60 years of age