Lifestyle interventions for bipolar disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review and meta-analysis aimed to describe the existing literature on interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) targeting the 6 pillars of Lifestyle Psychiatry: diet, physical activity (PA), substance use (SU), sleep, stress management, and social relationships (SR). Randomized Controlled Trials that examined the efficacy of lifestyle interventions targeting improvement in depressive/(hypo)manic symptom severity, lifestyle patterns, functioning, quality of life, and/or circadian rhythms were included. The systematic review included 18 studies, while the meta-analysis included studies targeting the same lifestyle domains and outcomes. Sleep (n = 10), PA (n = 9), and diet (n = 8) were the most targeted domains, while SU, SM and SR were least targeted (n = 4 each). Combined diet and PA interventions led to significant improvements in depressive symptoms (

SMD:

−0.46; 95%CI: −0.88, −0.04; p = 0.03), and functioning (

SMD:

−0.47; 95%CI: −0.89, −0.05; p = 0.03). Sleep interventions also led to significant improvements in depressive symptoms (

SMD:

−0.80; 95%CI: −1.21, −0.39; p < 0.01). Future research should focus on developing more multidimensional lifestyle interventions for a potentially greater impact on clinical and functional outcomes of BD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)