Estudios primarios incluidos en esta revisión sistemática

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Estudio primario

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Revista Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
Año 2009
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Background: An economic evaluation was undertaken alongside a randomized phase III trial comparing three regimens for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Materials and methods: Trial resource utilization and unit price data were combined to evaluate the cost of chemotherapy, concomitant medications, hospitalizations, diagnostic and laboratory tests. Treatment cost was combined with survival to estimate the incremental cost per life year saved. Quality-of-life data were used to estimate cost per quality-adjusted life year saved. Sensitivity analysis was used to compute results for various subgroups and for discounting cost and effects. Results: The combination of gemcitabine (Gemzar®, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, USA) with docetaxel (Taxotere®, Aventis Pharma, Dagenham, UK) (GDoc) is the least costly but least effective treatment. The combination of paclitaxel (Taxol) with carboplatin (Paraplatin®, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA) is associated with higher cost and effectiveness compared with GDoc, while weekly paclitaxel (Pw), associated with the highest cost, is the most effective option. The incremental cost per life year saved of Pw versus GDoc was 3660 Euros (95% uncertainty interval dominance - 9261). This result remained fairly constant in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: The corresponding economic evaluation indicates that Pw represents an attractive treatment option for patients with MBC from an economic perspective in the context of the Greek National Health Service. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved.

Estudio primario

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Background Effective anthracycline-free combinations need to be evaluated in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), due to the increased number of patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and methods Patients with MBC were randomized to paclitaxel and carboplatin (PCb) every 3 weeks or docetaxel and gemcitabine (GDoc) every 3 weeks or weekly paclitaxel (Pw). Trastuzumab was given to patients with HER-2 over-expressing tumors. The primary endpoint of the study was survival. Quality of life (QoL) and cost were assessed. Results Totally, 416 eligible patients entered the study. Median survival times were 29.9 months for PCb, 26.9 for GDoc and 41.0 for Pw (P = 0.037). According to multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy, >1 metastatic sites, lack of maintenance hormonal therapy, and worse performance status (PS) were significant adverse prognostic factors for survival, while Pw when compared to GDoc improved survival (P = 0.03), as well as when compared to PCb in the subgroup of patients with PS = 1 (P = 0.01, treatment by PS interaction P = 0.03). No significant differences in terms of time to progression were found. Severe myelotoxicity and mucositis were more frequent with GDoc, while severe neuropathy with PCb and Pw. QoL changes did not differ significantly between treatment groups, while cost analysis favored Pw. Conclusions Pw appears to be the most preferable choice among the 3 anthracycline-free taxanes-based regimens tested in the present study. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Estudio primario

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Revista Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Año 2009
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Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) with that of classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) given as postoperative adjuvant treatment to women with node-negative, high-risk breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Women with node-negative, high-risk breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of UFT or six cycles of CMF after surgery. The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS). Overall survival (OS), toxicity, and quality of life (QOL) were secondary end points. The hypothesis was that UFT was not inferior to CMF in terms of RFS. Results: Between October 1996 and April 2001, a total of 733 patients were randomly assigned to receive either treatment. The median follow-up time was 6.2 years. The RFS rates at 5 years were 88.0% in the CMF arm and 87.8% in the UFT arm. OS rates were 96.0% and 96.2%, respectively. The hazard ratios of the UFT arm relative to the CMF arm were 0.98 for RFS (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.45; P = .92) and 0.81 for OS (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.48; P = .49). The toxicity profiles differed between the two groups. The QOL scores were better for patients given UFT than those given CMF. Conclusion: RFS and OS with oral UFT were similar to those with classical CMF. Given the higher QOL scores, oral UFT is a promising alternative to CMF for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in women with node-negative, high-risk breast cancer. © 2009 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Estudio primario

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Revista Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Año 2008
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PROPÓSITO: Los pacientes con estadio temprano, con receptores hormonales positivos de cáncer de mama tienen un riesgo considerable residual para la recurrencia después de completar 5 años de tamoxifeno adyuvante. En mayo de 2001, el Nacional de Cirugía Adyuvante de mama y del Intestino (NSABP) inició acumulación de un estudio aleatorizado, controlado con placebo, doble ciego, ensayo clínico para evaluar el inhibidor de la aromatasa esteroideo exemestano como terapia adyuvante ampliado en este contexto. Pacientes y métodos: pacientes posmenopáusicas con clínica T (1-3) N (1) M (0) cáncer de mama que estaban libres de enfermedad después de 5 años de tamoxifeno fueron asignadas al azar a 5 años de exemestano (25 mg / d por vía oral) o 5 años de placebo. Nuestro principal objetivo fue comprobar si el exemestano prolonga la supervivencia libre de enfermedad (DFS). En octubre de 2003, los resultados de Instituto Nacional del Cáncer de Canadá (NCIC) MA.17 mostrando los beneficios de la quimioterapia adyuvante con letrozol en este contexto necesario la terminación de la acumulación de B-33, el desenmascaramiento y la oferta de exemestano a los pacientes en el grupo placebo. RESULTADOS: En el momento del desenmascaramiento, 1.598 pacientes habían sido asignados al azar: el 72% en el grupo de exemestano continúa en exemestano y el 44% en el grupo placebo optado por recibir exemestano. Con 30 meses de seguimiento medio, la asignación original de exemestano como resultado una mejora marginal estadísticamente significativa en la DFS de 4 años (91% v 89%, riesgo relativo [RR] = 0,68, p = 0,07) y en una mejora estadísticamente significativa en el libre de recaída de 4 años de supervivencia (RFS, 96% v 94%, RR = 0,44, p = 0,004). Toxicidad, la evaluación hasta el momento de desenmascaramiento, era aceptable para el tratamiento adyuvante. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de el cierre prematuro y el cruce a exemestano por una proporción importante de pacientes, la asignación original de exemestano como resultado estadísticamente no significativa mejora en la DFS y en una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en la RFS.

Estudio primario

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Quality of life (QL) is an important consideration when comparing adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer, especially if they differ substantially in toxicity. We evaluated QL and Q-TWiST among patients randomised to adjuvant dose-intensive epirubicin and cyclophosphamide administered with filgrastim and progenitor cell support (DI-EC) or standard-dose anthracycline-based chemotherapy (SD-CT). We estimated the duration of chemotherapy toxicity (TOX), time without disease symptoms and toxicity (TWiST), and time following relapse (REL). Patients scored QL indicators. Mean durations for the three transition times were weighted with patient reported utilities to obtain mean Q-TWiST. Patients receiving DI-EC reported worse QL during TOX, especially treatment burden (month 3: P<0.01), but a faster recovery 3 months following chemotherapy than patients receiving SD-CT, for example, less coping effort (P<0.01). Average Q-TWiST was 1.8 months longer for patients receiving DI-EC (95% CI, -2.5 to 6.1). Q-TWiST favoured DI-EC for most values of utilities attached to TOX and REL. Despite greater initial toxicity, quality-adjusted survival was similar or better with dose-intensive treatment as compared to standard treatment. Thus, QL considerations should not be prohibitive if future intensive therapies show superior efficacy.

Estudio primario

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Revista Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Año 2008
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OBJETIVO: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado para comparar la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP), supervivencia global (SG) y la calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de mama metastásico (MBC) que recibieron altas dosis de quimioterapia y trasplante autólogo de células madre ( ASCT; AHFC) en comparación con la dosis estándar de tratamiento. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Entre abril de 1997 y diciembre de 2000, 386 mujeres con MBC y sin quimioterapia previa para la enfermedad metastásica se registraron. Después de la respuesta inicial a la quimioterapia de inducción con antraciclinas o taxanos base, 224 pacientes fueron asignados al azar: 112 a dosis altas de ciclofosfamida, mitoxantrona y quimioterapia con carboplatino y ASCT (AHFC), y 112 al tratamiento estándar (ST). La mediana de edad fue de 47 años (rango, 25 a 67 años). Treinta y dos por ciento de las mujeres asignadas al azar tenía estrógeno y receptores de progesterona negativos de cáncer de mama, el 42% tenían metástasis viscerales, y el 58% tenían metástasis óseas. Las tasas de remisión completa antes de la asignación al azar fueron del 11% para aquellos AHFC recepción y 12% para los que recibieron ST. RESULTADOS: Con un seguimiento medio de 48 meses, se observaron 79 muertes en el grupo de AHFC y 77 muertes se observaron en el grupo ST, siete pacientes (6%) en el brazo AHFC murieron como resultado de la toxicidad. La mediana de SG fue de 24 meses para el grupo AHFC (95% IC, 21 a 35 meses) y 28 meses para ST (95% CI, 22 y 33 meses, hazard ratio [HR], 0,9, 95% CI, 0,6 a 1,2 , p = .43). PFS fue de 11 meses para AHFC y 9 meses para ST (HR, 0,6 a favor de AHFC, IC 95%, 0,5 a 0,9; P = 0,006). CONCLUSIÓN: AHFC no mejoró la SG en las mujeres con MBC cuando se utiliza como consolidación después de la respuesta a la quimioterapia de inducción.

Estudio primario

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Revista Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
Año 2008
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) of high-risk breast cancer patients included in a randomized clinical trial (PEGASE 01) comparing conventional chemotherapy versus adding an additional high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) cycle with blood stem cell support. METHODS: A total of 314 patients were included in the clinical trial. QOL evaluations were available for 199 patients. QOL was assessed over a 1-year follow-up period, using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30. The results were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Toxicity of HDC has a strong negative impact on patients' QOL during the treatment phase. This negative impact tended to last longer in the HDC group, as for most of the QLQ-C30 scales, the QOL scores of HDC patients tend to improve at a slower rate than that of patients receiving standard chemotherapy. In particular, physical functioning remains deteriorated 1 year after inclusion for HDC patients comparatively to conventional chemotherapy patients (85.99 vs. 76.65, P = 0.021), and the pain score was still higher in the HDC group at that time (28.32 vs. 15.97, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: HDC has a negative impact on QOL even after treatment phase. In the absence of an overall survival benefit of using HDC for high-risk breast cancer patients, QOL studies with a longer follow-up play an important role in informing the complex trade-off implied by HDC between higher toxicity, reduced risk of relapse, and QOL decrease after the active phase of treatment.

Estudio primario

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Autores Hopwood P , Watkins J , Ellis P , Smith I
Revista The breast journal
Año 2008
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Quality-of-Life (QL) data are increasingly relevant to trial results, but are often difficult to interpret and apply clinically; methods to address this problem are needed. Exploratory analyses were conducted using QL data from a recent phase III trial comparing front line gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GT) versus paclitaxel (T) alone in patients with advanced breast cancer. The most troublesome symptom and toxicity items were identified. For each QL domain, associations and change over time were analyzed using clinically relevant data. The impact of tumor response and duration of therapy on QL outcomes was assessed using pooled data from both treatment arms. Baseline QL data were available from 336 patients, out of 266 patients enrolled on the GT arm and 263 patients enrolled on the T arm. The prevalence of disease-related symptoms was low; 7 of the 10 most troublesome items were psychological. Clinical levels of psychological distress were significantly associated with global QL and reduced significantly over time in both arms. Improved QL was significantly associated with reduced functional impairment, tumor response and completing more cycles of therapy. In this patient population, QL may be closely associated with the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy, functional status and psychological well-being, rather than outcomes such as symptom palliation and toxicity.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology
Año 2008
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OBJETIVOS: Comparar la morbilidad física y salud de la calidad de vida (CVRS) en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidas a disección estándar axilares (DGLA) o biopsia del ganglio centinela (ganglio centinela), seguida de disección axilar sólo en el caso de positividad del ganglio centinela , dentro de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Pacientes y métodos: Los pacientes con cáncer de mama temprano <o = 3 cm y axila clínicamente negativa fueron asignados aleatoriamente a DGLA o ganglio centinela. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a un examen físico cada 6 meses con el fin de evaluar los síntomas relacionados con el brazo. Un subgrupo de pacientes completó la calidad SF-36 del cuestionario de la vida y el Índice de Bienestar Psicológico (PGWBI) antes de la asignación al azar, a los 6 y 12 meses después de la cirugía y posteriormente cada año. Los resultados de los primeros 24 meses son reportados. RESULTADOS: Seis ciento setenta y siete pacientes estaban disponibles para el análisis: 341 pacientes asignados al azar al grupo de DGLA y 336 al grupo de ganglio centinela. Seis meses después de la cirugía, el grupo ganglio centinela tenía significativamente menos linfático-edema, las restricciones de movimiento, dolor y entumecimiento en relación con el grupo de DGLA. La linfa edema también se redujo significativamente a los 12 meses y entumecimiento permaneció significativamente menos frecuentes en el grupo de ganglio centinela en todos los momentos. Tres de ciento diez pacientes participaron en la evaluación de la CVRS. Las puntuaciones medias de la PGWB cuestionario del Índice de dominio general y la ansiedad fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo de ganglio centinela que en el grupo DGLA pero la diferencia dejó de ser significativa a los 24 meses. Conclusiones: La realización del ganglio centinela se asocia con una reducción de la morbilidad brazo sin evidencia de un impacto negativo sobre el bienestar psicológico. A la espera de los resultados a largo plazo de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios en curso, la realización del ganglio centinela puede ser propuesto para pacientes con cáncer de mama en estadio temprano después de la debida información sobre las ventajas esperadas y los posibles riesgos.

Estudio primario

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Revista Breast cancer research and treatment
Año 2008
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PURPOSE: In first-line metastatic breast cancer, both paclitaxel (P)-doxorubicin (A) and docetaxel (D)-doxorubicin (A) combinations have shown superiority over treatments without taxane. The aim of this study was to compare the two combinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive (except for adjuvant therapy) metastatic breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to intravenous AD (arm D) or AP (arm P) every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles, then four cycles of single agent docetaxel (arm D) or paclitaxel (arm P). Primary endpoint was overall quality of life (QoL) measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 after four courses of doxorubicin-taxane combination. Secondary endpoints were toxicity, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and QoL sub-scores. RESULTS: Between March 2000 and April 2004, 210 patients were randomized: 103 to arm P and 107 to arm D. Patient characteristics were well balanced between arms. After four courses, QoL score differences between groups or compared to baseline scores were not significant. Response rate was 39.6% for AD and 41.8% for AP. After a median follow-up of 50.2 months, median PFS and median OS were 8.7 and 21.4 months in arm D and 8.0 and 27.3 months in arm P (p = 0.977 and 0.081, respectively). Hematological toxicity was significantly more frequent in arm D than in arm P (p < 10(-6)), as well as grades 3-4 asthenia (p = 0.03). Neuropathy occurred more frequently in arm P (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study, paclitaxel or docetaxel combined with doxorubicin were not significantly different in terms of QoL scores and efficacy, but had different toxicity profiles.