Estudios primarios relacionados a este tópico

loading
88 Referencias (81 articles) Revertir Estudificar

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Cargando información sobre las referencias
BACKGROUND: Inheritance of a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 causes a high risk of colorectal and other cancers (Lynch Syndrome). Use of aspirin has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer for the general population as well as for MMR gene mutation carriers. The aim of this study was to determine whether use of aspirin and ibuprofen in a nontrial setting is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer risk for MMR gene mutation carriers. METHODS: We included 1858 participants in the Colon Cancer Family Registry who had been found to have a pathogenic germline mutation in a MMR gene (carriers). We used weighted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 714 carriers (38%) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a mean age of 42.4 (standard deviation 10.6) years. A reduced risk of colorectal cancer was associated with aspirin use (for 1 month to 4.9 years: HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.90, P = .02; for ≥5 years: HR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.62, P = .003) and ibuprofen use (for 1 month to 4.9 years: HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.79, P = .009; for ≥5 years: HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.69, P = .007), compared with less than one month of use. CONCLUSION: Our results provide additional evidence that, for MMR gene mutation carriers, use of aspirin and ibuprofen might be effective in reducing their high risk of colorectal cancer.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

IMPORTANCE: Use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: To identify common genetic markers that may confer differential benefit from aspirin or NSAID chemoprevention, we tested gene × environment interactions between regular use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to risk of colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control study using data from 5 case-control and 5 cohort studies initiated between 1976 and 2003 across the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany and including colorectal cancer cases (n=8634) and matched controls (n=8553) ascertained between 1976 and 2011. Participants were all of European descent. EXPOSURES: Genome-wide SNP data and information on regular use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs and other risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Regular use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer (prevalence, 28% vs 38%; odds ratio [OR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64-0.74]; P = 6.2 × 10(-28)) compared with nonregular use. In the conventional logistic regression analysis, the SNP rs2965667 at chromosome 12p12.3 near the MGST1 gene showed a genome-wide significant interaction with aspirin and/or NSAID use (P = 4.6 × 10(-9) for interaction). Aspirin and/or NSAID use was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with rs2965667-TT genotype (prevalence, 28% vs 38%; OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.61-0.70]; P = 7.7 × 10(-33)) but with a higher risk among those with rare (4%) TA or AA genotypes (prevalence, 35% vs 29%; OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.27-2.81]; P = .002). In case-only interaction analysis, the SNP rs16973225 at chromosome 15q25.2 near the IL16 gene showed a genome-wide significant interaction with use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs (P = 8.2 × 10(-9) for interaction). Regular use was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with rs16973225-AA genotype (prevalence, 28% vs 38%; OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.62-0.71]; P = 1.9 × 10(-30)) but was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer among those with less common (9%) AC or CC genotypes (prevalence, 36% vs 39%; OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.78-1.20]; P = .76). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this genome-wide investigation of gene × environment interactions, use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, and this association differed according to genetic variation at 2 SNPs at chromosomes 12 and 15. Validation of these findings in additional populations may facilitate targeted colorectal cancer prevention strategies.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Annals of internal medicine
Año 2013
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that daily aspirin use decreases cancer risk, particularly for colorectal cancer, but evidence for alternate-day use is scant. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between long-term, alternate-day, low-dose aspirin and cancer in healthy women. DESIGN: Observational follow-up of a randomized trial. SETTING: Female health professionals. PARTICIPANTS: 39,876 women aged 45 years or older in the Women's Health Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00000479), 33 682 of whom continued observational follow-up. INTERVENTION: 100 mg of alternate-day aspirin or placebo through March 2004, with a median 10-year follow-up. Posttrial follow-up continued through March 2012. MEASUREMENTS: Cancer incidence. RESULTS: A total of 5071 cancer cases (including 2070 breast, 451 colorectal, and 431 lung cancer cases) and 1391 cancer deaths were confirmed. Over the entire follow-up, aspirin had no association with total (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.03]; P = 0.31), breast (HR, 0.98 [CI, 0.90 to 1.07]; P = 0.65), or lung (HR, 1.04 [CI, 0.86 to 1.26]; P = 0.67) cancer. Colorectal cancer was reduced in the aspirin group (HR, 0.80 [CI, 0.67 to 0.97]; P = 0.021), primarily for proximal colon cancer (HR, 0.73 [CI, 0.55 to 0.95]; P = 0.022). The difference emerged after 10 years, with a posttrial reduction of 42% (HR, 0.58 [CI, 0.42 to 0.80]; P < 0.001). There was no extended effect on cancer deaths or colorectal polyps. More gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 1.14 [CI, 1.06 to 1.22]; P < 0.001) and peptic ulcers (HR, 1.17 [CI, 1.09 to 1.27]; P < 0.001) occurred in the aspirin group. LIMITATIONS: Not all women received extended follow-up, and posttrial ascertainment bias cannot be ruled out. Gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcers, and polyps were self-reported during extended follow-up. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of alternate-day, low-dose aspirin may reduce risk for colorectal cancer in healthy women.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Cancer medicine
Año 2013
There are several reports of clinical trials of aspirin in sporadic colon cancer. However, only one double-blind trial of aspirin in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has been reported to date. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was therefore performed to evaluate the influence of low-dose aspirin enteric-coated tablets (100 mg/day for 6-10 months) in 34 subjects with FAP (17 each in the aspirin and placebo groups). The increase in mean diameter of colorectal polyps tended to be greater in the placebo group compared with the aspirin group, which showed a response ratio, that is, aspirin response rate (number of subjects with reduced polyps/total)/placebo response rate (number of subjects with reduced polyps/total), of 2.33 (95% confidence interval: 0.72-7.55). Subgroup analysis revealed that the number of subjects with a mean baseline polyp diameter of ≤2 mm, and the diameter and number of polyps after intervention showed a significant reduction in the aspirin group. Adverse effects of aspirin, such as anastomotic ulcer, aphtha in the large intestine, and progression of anemia, occurred in three subjects. Moreover, none of the subjects developed colorectal cancer. The results thus indicated a potential for aspirin to reduce colorectal adenoma development in patients with FAP, but careful follow-up is needed to avoid or rapidly counter severe adverse effects. © 2012 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Lancet
Año 2012
Cargando información sobre las referencias
ANTECEDENTES: La aspirina diaria reduce la incidencia a largo plazo de algunos adenocarcinomas, pero los efectos sobre la mortalidad debido a ciertos tipos de cáncer aparecen al cabo de pocos años, lo que sugiere que también podría reducir el crecimiento o la metástasis. Establecimos la frecuencia de metástasis a distancia en pacientes que desarrollaron cáncer durante los ensayos de aspirina diaria versus control. MÉTODOS: Nuestro análisis incluyó a los cinco grandes ensayos aleatorios de aspirina todos los días (≥ 75 mg al día) versus control para la prevención de eventos vasculares en el Reino Unido. Los registros electrónicos y en papel fueron revisados ​​para todos los pacientes con cáncer de incidente. El efecto de la aspirina sobre el riesgo de metástasis en la presentación o en el seguimiento posterior (incluyendo post-ensayo de seguimiento de los cánceres en el juicio) se estratificó según la histología del tumor (adenocarcinoma vs otros) y clínicas características. RESULTADOS: De 17.285 participantes en el ensayo, 987 tenían un nuevo cáncer diagnosticado durante media sólida en ensayo de seguimiento de 6,5 años (DE 2,0). Asignación a la aspirina reduce el riesgo de cáncer con metástasis a distancia (todos los cánceres, hazard ratio [HR] 0,64, IC del 95%: 0,48 -0 · 84, p = 0,001; adenocarcinoma, HR 0,54, IC del 95% 0.38 -0 · 77, p = 0,0007; otros cánceres sólidos, HR 0,82, IC del 95%: 0,53 -1 · 28, p = 0,39), debido principalmente a una reducción en la proporción de adenocarcinomas que tenían metástasis en comparación con la enfermedad local (odds ratio 0,52, IC del 95%: 0,35 -0 · 75, p = 0,0006). La aspirina reduce el riesgo de adenocarcinoma con metástasis al momento del diagnóstico inicial (HR 0,69, IC del 95%: 0,50 -0 · 95, p = 0,02) y el riesgo de metástasis en el seguimiento posterior de los pacientes sin metástasis inicialmente (HR 0 · 45, IC 95% 0.28 -0 · 72, p = 0,0009), particularmente en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal (HR 0,26, IC del 95%: 0,11 -0 · 57, p = 0,0008) y en los pacientes que siguieron con el tratamiento del estudio hasta o después del diagnóstico (HR 0,31, IC del 95%: 0,15 -0 · 62, p = 0,0009). Asignación a la aspirina redujo la muerte por cáncer en los pacientes que desarrollaron adenocarcinoma, particularmente en aquellos que no tienen metástasis al momento del diagnóstico (HR 0,50, IC del 95%: 0,34 -0 · 74, p = 0,0006). En consecuencia, la aspirina redujo el riesgo global de adenocarcinoma fatal en las poblaciones del ensayo (HR 0,65, IC del 95%: 0,53 -0 · 82, p = 0,0002), pero no el riesgo de otros cánceres fatales (HR 1 · 06, IC del 95%: 0,84 -1 · 32, p = 0,64; diferencia, p = 0,003). Los efectos fueron independientes de la edad y el sexo, pero el beneficio absoluto fue mayor en los fumadores. A dosis bajas, formulación de liberación lenta de la aspirina diseñado para inhibir las plaquetas, pero tener poca biodisponibilidad sistémica fue tan eficaz como las dosis altas. INTERPRETACIÓN: que la aspirina previene la metástasis a distancia podría explicar la temprana reducción en las muertes por cáncer en los ensayos de aspirina diaria versus control. Este hallazgo sugiere que la aspirina podría ayudar en el tratamiento de algunos tipos de cáncer y proporciona la prueba de principio para la intervención farmacológica específicamente para prevenir la metástasis distante. FINANCIACIÓN: Ninguno.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Año 2011
Evidence supporting aspirin and resistant starch (RS) for colorectal cancer prevention comes from epidemiologic and laboratory studies (aspirin and RS) and randomized controlled clinical trials (aspirin). Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) strikes young people and, untreated, confers virtually a 100% risk of colorectal cancer and early death. We conducted an international, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin (600 mg/d) and/or RS (30 g/d) for from 1 to 12 years to prevent disease progression in FAP patients from 10 to 21 years of age. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, patients were randomly assigned to the following four study arms: aspirin plus RS placebo; RS plus aspirin placebo; aspirin plus RS; RS placebo plus aspirin placebo; they were followed with standard annual clinical examinations including endoscopy. The primary endpoint was polyp number in the rectum and sigmoid colon (at the end of intervention), and the major secondary endpoint was size of the largest polyp. A total of 206 randomized FAP patients commenced intervention, of whom 133 had at least one follow-up endoscopy and were therefore included in the primary analysis. Neither intervention significantly reduced polyp count in the rectum and sigmoid colon: aspirin relative risk = 0.77 (95% CI, 0.54-1.10; versus nonaspirin arms); RS relative risk = 1.05 (95% CI, 0.73-1.49; versus non-RS arms). There was a trend toward a smaller size of largest polyp in patients treated with aspirin versus nonaspirin--mean 3.8 mm versus 5.5 mm for patients treated 1 or more years (adjusted P = 0.09) and mean 3.0 mm versus 6.0 mm for patients treated more than 1 year (P = 0.02); there were similar weaker trends with RS versus non-RS. Exploratory translational endpoints included crypt length (which was significantly shorter in normal-appearing mucosa in the RS group over time) and laboratory measures of proliferation (including Ki67). This clinical trial is the largest ever conducted in the setting of FAP and found a trend of reduced polyp load (number and size) with 600 mg of aspirin daily. RS had no clinical effect on adenomas.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

<b>BACKGROUND: </b>Observational studies report reduced colorectal cancer in regular aspirin consumers. Randomised controlled trials have shown reduced risk of adenomas but none have employed prevention of colorectal cancer as a primary endpoint. The CAPP2 trial aimed to investigate the antineoplastic effects of aspirin and a resistant starch in carriers of Lynch syndrome, the major form of hereditary colorectal cancer; we now report long-term follow-up of participants randomly assigned to aspirin or placebo.<b>METHODS: </b>In the CAPP2 randomised trial, carriers of Lynch syndrome were randomly assigned in a two-by-two factorial design to 600 mg aspirin or aspirin placebo or 30 g resistant starch or starch placebo, for up to 4 years. Randomisation was in blocks of 16 with provision for optional single-agent randomisation and extended postintervention double-blind follow-up; participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was development of colorectal cancer. Analysis was by intention to treat and per protocol. This trial is registered, ISRCTN59521990.<b>RESULTS: </b>861 participants were randomly assigned to aspirin or aspirin placebo. At a mean follow-up of 55·7 months, 48 participants had developed 53 primary colorectal cancers (18 of 427 randomly assigned to aspirin, 30 of 434 to aspirin placebo). Intention-to-treat analysis of time to first colorectal cancer showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·63 (95% CI 0·35-1·13, p=0·12). Poisson regression taking account of multiple primary events gave an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0·56 (95% CI 0·32-0·99, p=0·05). For participants completing 2 years of intervention (258 aspirin, 250 aspirin placebo), per-protocol analysis yielded an HR of 0·41 (0·19-0·86, p=0·02) and an IRR of 0·37 (0·18-0·78, p=0·008). No data for adverse events were available postintervention; during the intervention, adverse events did not differ between aspirin and placebo groups.<b>INTERPRETATION: </b>600 mg aspirin per day for a mean of 25 months substantially reduced cancer incidence after 55·7 months in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to establish the optimum dose and duration of aspirin treatment.<b>Funding: </b>European Union; Cancer Research UK; Bayer Corporation; National Starch and Chemical Co; UK Medical Research Council; Newcastle Hospitals trustees; Cancer Council of Victoria Australia; THRIPP South Africa; The Finnish Cancer Foundation; SIAK Switzerland; Bayer Pharma.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Lancet
Año 2010
ANTECEDENTES: La aspirina en dosis altas (≥ 500 mg al día) reduce la incidencia a largo plazo de cáncer colorrectal, pero los efectos adversos podría limitar su potencial de prevención a largo plazo. La eficacia a largo plazo de dosis bajas (75-300 mg al día) se desconoce. Se evaluaron los efectos de la aspirina en la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal en relación con la dosis, duración del tratamiento, y el sitio del tumor. MÉTODOS: Se dio seguimiento a cuatro ensayos aleatorios de aspirina versus control primario (Trombosis Prevention Trial, British Doctors Aspirina Trial) y secundaria (sueco Aspirina de baja dosis de prueba, UK-TIA Aspirina Trial) la prevención de eventos vasculares y un ensayo de diferentes dosis de aspirina (Dutch TIA Aspirina Trial) y estableció el efecto de la aspirina sobre el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal en 20 años durante y después de las pruebas de análisis de datos de pacientes individuales agrupados. RESULTADOS: En los cuatro ensayos de aspirina versus control (duración del tratamiento programado 6,0 años promedio), 391 (2,8%) de los 14 033 pacientes tenían cáncer colorrectal durante una mediana de seguimiento de 18,3 años. Asignación a la aspirina redujo el riesgo de 20 años de cáncer de colon (razón de riesgo de incidencia [HR] 0,76, 0,60 -0 · 96, p = 0,02; mortalidad HR 0.65, 0.48 -0 · 88 , p = 0,005), pero no el cáncer de recto (0.90, 0.63 -1 · 30, p = 0.58; 0.80, 0.50 -1 · 28, p = 0,35). ¿Dónde se dispone de datos de subsitios, la aspirina redujo el riesgo de cáncer del colon proximal (0,45, 0,28 -0 · 74, p = 0,001, 0,34, 0,18 -0 · 66, p = 0 · 001), pero no el colon distal (1.10, 0.73 -1 · 64, p = 0,66; 1,21, 0,66 -2 · 24, p = 0,54; para la diferencia de incidencia p = 0,04, para la diferencia de mortalidad p = 0,01). Sin embargo, el beneficio aumentó con la duración prevista del tratamiento, de manera que la asignación a la aspirina de 5 años o más reduce el riesgo de cáncer de colon proximal en un 70% (0,35, 0,20 -0 · 63; 0,24, 0,11 -0 · 52, ambos p <0,0001), así como un menor riesgo de cáncer de recto (0,58, 0,36 -0 · 92, p = 0,02; 0,47, 0,26 -0 · 87, p = 0,01). No hubo aumento en el beneficio a dosis de aspirina más de 75 mg al día, con una reducción absoluta del 1,76% (0,61 · 91 -2, p = 0,001) en el riesgo de 20 años de cualquier tipo de cáncer colorrectal fatal después de 5 años previsto el tratamiento con 75-300 mg al día. Sin embargo, el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal mortal fue mayor en 30 mg frente a 283 mg al día en el seguimiento a largo plazo de la prueba holandesa TIA (odds ratio 2.02, 0.70 -6 · 05, p = 0,15). INTERPRETACIÓN: La aspirina tomada durante varios años en dosis de al menos 75 mg diariamente, redujo la incidencia y la mortalidad a largo plazo a causa de cáncer colorrectal. Beneficio fue mayor para los cánceres de colon proximal, que no se hallare impedido eficazmente mediante el cribado con sigmoidoscopia o colonoscopia. FINANCIACIÓN: Ninguno.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista The Lancet. Oncology
Año 2009
Evidence clearly shows a chemopreventive effect for aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on colorectal cancer and probably other cancer types; however, data on the risk-benefit profile for cancer prevention are insufficient and no definitive recommendations can be made. Aspirin has emerged as the most likely NSAID for use in chemoprevention because of its known cardiovascular benefit and available safety and efficacy data. Other traditional NSAIDs, particularly sulindac, and selective COX-2 inhibitors are now given to patients at high risk of colorectal cancer, although these drugs do not provide cardioprotection. More studies of aspirin and cancer prevention are needed to define the lowest effective dose, the age at which to initiate therapy, the optimum treatment duration, and the subpopulations for which the benefits of chemoprevention outweigh the risks of adverse side-effects. Although it might be possible to answer some of these questions with longer follow-up of existing clinical trials, randomised controlled trials with new study designs will be needed. Future projects should investigate the effects of aspirin treatment on multiple organ systems. Cancers of interest are colorectal, breast, prostate, lung, stomach, and oesophageal. The main side-effect of aspirin is peptic ulcers; therefore coadministration of aspirin with a proton-pump inhibitor is an attractive option and is under investigation in the AspECT trial. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Año 2009
Cargando información sobre las referencias
ANTECEDENTES: Los estudios observacionales sugieren que una dieta rica en frutas y verduras, las cuales son ricas en antioxidantes, puede impedir el desarrollo del cáncer. Sin embargo, los resultados de los ensayos aleatorios de la asociación entre el uso de antioxidantes y el riesgo de cáncer han sido en su mayoría negativas. MÉTODOS: A partir de 8171 mujeres que fueron asignadas al azar en el estudio Antioxidante Cardiovascular de la Mujer, un estudio doble ciego, 2 y controlado con placebo x 2 x 2 del ensayo factorial de vitamina C (500 mg de ácido ascórbico al día), de origen natural de vitamina E (600 IU de alfa-tocoferol en días alternos), y beta-caroteno (50 mg cada dos días), 7627 mujeres que estaban libres de cáncer antes de la asignación aleatoria fueron seleccionados para este estudio. Los diagnósticos y muertes por cáncer en un sitio específico se confirmaron mediante el uso de los informes del hospital y el Índice Nacional de Defunciones. Proporcionales de Cox modelos de regresión de riesgos se utilizaron para evaluar los cocientes de riesgos (representado como riesgos relativos [RR]) de los cánceres más comunes asociados con el uso de antioxidantes, ya sea individualmente o en combinación. Los análisis de subgrupos se realizaron para determinar si la duración del uso modificado la asociación del uso de suplementos con el riesgo de cáncer. Todas las pruebas estadísticas fueron de dos caras. RESULTADOS: Durante un promedio de 9,4 años de tratamiento, 624 mujeres desarrollaron cáncer invasivo y 176 incidentes mujeres murieron de cáncer. No hubo efectos estadísticamente significativos de la utilización de cualquier antioxidante sobre la incidencia total del cáncer. En comparación con el grupo placebo, el RR fue de 1,11 (IC del 95% intervalo de confianza [IC]: 0,95 a 1,30) en el grupo de vitamina C, 0,93 (IC 95% = 0,79 a 1,09) en el grupo de vitamina E, y 1.00 (IC del 95% IC = 0,85 a 1,17) en el grupo beta caroteno. Del mismo modo, no hay efectos de estos antioxidantes se observaron en la mortalidad por cáncer. En comparación con el grupo placebo, el RR fue 1,28 (IC 95% = 0,95 a 1,73) en el grupo de vitamina C, 0,87 (IC 95% = 0,65 a 1,17) en el grupo de vitamina E, y 0.84 (IC 95% = 0,62 a 1,13) en el grupo beta caroteno. Duración y uso combinado de los tres antioxidantes también tuvo ningún efecto sobre la incidencia de cáncer y muerte por cáncer. CONCLUSIONES: La suplementación con vitamina C, vitamina E o el beta caroteno no ofrece beneficios globales en la prevención primaria de la incidencia total del cáncer o la mortalidad por cáncer.