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Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
Año 2014
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UNLABELLED: The PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial showed that Mediterranean diets (MedDiets) supplemented with either extravirgin olive oil or nuts reduced cardiovascular events, particularly stroke, compared with a control, lower fat diet. The mechanisms of cardiovascular protection remain unclear. We evaluated the 1-year effects of supplemented MedDiets on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, and lipids. Randomized, parallel-design, controlled trial was conducted in 2 PREDIMED sites. Diets were ad libitum, and no advice on increasing physical activity or reducing sodium intake was given. Participants were 235 subjects (56.5% women; mean age, 66.5 years) at high cardiovascular risk (85.4% with hypertension). Adjusted changes from baseline in mean systolic BP were -2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.0 to -0.5) mm Hg and -2.6 (95% CI, -4.3 to -0.9) mm Hg in the MedDiets with olive oil and the MedDiets with nuts, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI, -0.1 to 3.5) mm Hg in the control group (P<0.001). Respective changes in mean diastolic BP were -1.2 (95% CI, -2.2 to -0.2), -1.2 (95% CI, -2.2 to -0.2), and 0.7 (95% CI, -0.4 to 1.7) mm Hg (P=0.017). Daytime and nighttime BP followed similar patterns. Mean changes from baseline in fasting blood glucose were -6.1, -4.6, and 3.5 mg/dL (P=0.016) in the MedDiets with olive oil, MedDiets with nuts, and control diet, respectively; those of total cholesterol were -11.3, -13.6, and -4.4 mg/dL (P=0.043), respectively. In high-risk individuals, most with treated hypertension, MedDiets supplemented with extravirgin olive oil or nuts reduced 24-hour ambulatory BP, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista European journal of clinical nutrition
Año 2014
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary pattern is central in the prevention of hypertension and blood pressure (BP)-related diseases. A diet based on healthy Nordic foods may have a favourable impact on BP. The objective was to clarify whether a Nordic alternative for a healthy food pattern would have beneficial effects on ambulatory BP in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 37 subjects were randomized to either a healthy Nordic diet or a control diet. A healthy Nordic diet embraced whole grains, rapeseed oil, berries, fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts and low-fat dairy products of Nordic origin. The mean nutrient intake in the Nordic countries formed the control diet, embracing wheat products, dairy fat-based spread and a lower intake of fruits, vegetables and fish. Diets were isoenergetic. Ambulatory BP was monitored and 24-h urine was collected before and after 12 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, ambulatory diastolic BP (-4.4 mm Hg; P=0.001) and mean arterial pressure (-4.2 mm Hg; P=0.006) were lowered by the healthy Nordic diet compared with the control diet, whereas changes in ambulatory systolic BP did not differ significantly between diets (-3.5 mm Hg; P=0.122). Heart rate tended to be lower in those on the healthy Nordic diet (P=0.057). Urinary sodium and potassium excretions were unaffected by diets and consequently not associated with the healthy Nordic diet-induced lowering of BP. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of Nordic varieties of health-enhancing foods for 12 weeks decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure in subjects with features of MetS during weight-stable condition, suggesting beneficial effects of a healthy Nordic dietary pattern on ambulatory BP.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista The American journal of clinical nutrition
Año 2014
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Background: The regional Mediterranean Diet has been associated with lower risk of disease. Objective: We tested the health effects of the New Nordic Diet (NND), which is a gastronomically driven regional, organic, and environmentally friendly diet, in a carefully controlled but freeliving setting. Design: A total of 181 centrally obese men and women, with a mean (range) age of 42 y (20-66 y), body mass index (in kg/m2) of 30.2 (22.6-47.3), and waist circumference of 100 cm (80-138 cm) were randomly assigned to receive either the NND (high in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish) or an average Danish diet (ADD) for 26 wk. Participants received cookbooks and all foods ad libitum and free of charge by using a shop model. The primary endpoint was the weight change analyzed by both completer and intention-to-treat analyses. Results: A total of 147 subjects [81% (NND 81%; ADD 82%)] completed the intervention. A high dietary compliance was achieved, with significant differences in dietary intakes between groups. The mean (±SEM) weight change was -4.7 ± 0.5 kg for the NND compared with -1.5 ± 0.5 kg for the ADD (adjusted difference: -3.2 kg; 95% CI: -4.6, -1.8 kg; P < 0.001) for the completer analysis, and the difference was 23.0 kg (95% CI: -4.0, -2.1 kg) for the intention-to-treat analysis. The NND produced greater reductions in systolic blood pressure (adjusted difference: -5.1 mm Hg; 95% CI: -8.2, -2.1 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (adjusted difference: -3.2 mm Hg; 95% CI: -5.7, -0.8 mm Hg) than did the ADD. Conclusion: An ad libitum NND produces weight loss and blood pressure reduction in centrally obese individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01195610. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista The British journal of nutrition
Año 2013
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Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Diet may play an important role in reducing blood pressure (BP), as has been shown for diets high in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and low in salt (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Na). A low-glycaemic index Brazilian diet combined with the principles of the DASH-Na diet was evaluated in a randomised study of 206 individuals who were followed for 6 months. In the control group (CG), counselling was based on standard care and mainly focused on salt intake reduction. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that, after 6 months, systolic BP was reduced by 14·4 mmHg and diastolic BP by 9·7 mmHg in the experimental group (EG), compared with 6·7 and 4·6 mmHg, respectively, in the CG. After adjusting for body weight, BP at baseline and age, these changes were 12·1 and 7·9 mmHg, respectively. Urinary Na excretion was also reduced by 43·4 mEq/24 h in the EG. Food intake was modified accordingly during the intervention with an increase in the consumption of vegetables (2·97-5·85 frequency of consumption measured in three non-consecutive days), fruits (4·09-7·18), beans (1·94-3·13) and fish (1·80-2·74) by the EG. The present study showed the feasibility of a Brazilian dietary approach to treating hypertension by reducing urinary Na excretion and BP, changes that may have a great impact on public health and promote the benefits of controlling hypertension.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista International journal of cardiology
Año 2013
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BACKGROUND: To test alternative medicine approaches with a specifically designed Tibetan dietary and behavioral program in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) and manifest metabolic syndrome. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, parallel group dietary and behavioral intervention study. Between December 2008 and November 2010, patients were randomly adjudicated either to evidence-based Western diet (usual care), or to Tibetan diet. We evaluated 524 patients undergoing coronary angiography. All patients were white Caucasian, presented with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2), and had evidence of metabolic syndrome. The primary endpoint was change in body weight and BMI at 6 months follow-up. Secondary endpoints included blood pressure, heart rate, intima media thickness, lipids, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) at 6 months follow-up and change in body weight and BMI at 12 months. RESULTS: Both groups of patients showed significantly reduced body weight and BMI compared to baseline (6 months, usual care weight change: -3.2 ± 3.0 kg; BMI change: -1.1 ± 1.0 kg/m(2); Tibetan diet weight change: -6.2 ± 4.4 kg/m(2); BMI change: -2.1 ± 1.5 kg/m(2)), but these changes were more pronounced in Tibetan diet compared to usual care (all, p<0.001). Beneficial effects on weight and BMI were maintained after 12 months of follow-up (p<0.0001). Levels of total and LDL cholesterols, fibrinogen and CRP were decreased in both groups, but more pronounced in Tibetan diet (Tibetan diet vs. usual care (total cholesterol): 176.2 ± 43.7 vs. 185.1 ± 47.8 mg/dL; p=0.024; LDL: 111.6 ± 37.8 vs. 119.4 ± 40.9 mg/dL; p=0.026; fibrinogen: 318.3 ± 90.4 vs. 334.1 ± 87.9 mg/dL; p=0.040; CRP: 1.2 ± 3.0 vs. 2.2 ± 4.5mg/dL; p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Tibetan diet reduces body weight and BMI in patients with CAD and metabolic syndrome after 6 months significantly better than Western diet and may induce lipid-modifying and anti-inflammatory effects (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00810992).

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Journal of internal medicine
Año 2011
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Abstract. Adamsson V, Reumark A, Fredriksson I-B, Hammarström E, Vessby B, Johansson G, Risérus U (Uppsala University, Uppsala; Lantmännen R&amp;D, Stockholm; Bollnäs Heart Clinic, Mitt Hjärta, Bollnäs; Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden). Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET). J Intern Med 2011; 269: 150-159. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a healthy Nordic diet (ND) on cardiovascular risk factors. Design and subjects. In a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET) conducted in Sweden, 88 mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects were randomly assigned to an ad libitum ND or control diet (subjects' usual Western diet) for 6 weeks. Participants in the ND group were provided with all meals and foods. Primary outcome measurements were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) and insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance). The ND was rich in high-fibre plant foods, fruits, berries, vegetables, whole grains, rapeseed oil, nuts, fish and low-fat milk products, but low in salt, added sugars and saturated fats. Results. The ND contained 27%, 52%, 19% and 2% of energy from fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol, respectively. In total, 86 of 88 subjects randomly assigned to diet completed the study. Compared with controls, there was a decrease in plasma cholesterol (-16%, P &lt; 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-21%, P &lt; 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-5%, P &lt; 0.01), LDL/HDL (-14%, P &lt; 0.01) and apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA1 (-1%, P &lt; 0.05) in the ND group. The ND reduced insulin (-9%, P = 0.01) and systolic BP by -6.6 ± 13.2 mmHg (-5%, P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control diet. Despite the ad libitum nature of the ND, body weight decreased after 6 weeks in the ND compared with the control group (-4%, P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for weight change, the significant differences between groups remained for blood lipids, but not for insulin sensitivity or BP. There were no significant differences in diastolic BP or triglyceride or glucose concentrations. Conclusions. A healthy ND improves blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure at clinically relevant levels in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Diabetes care
Año 2011
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OBJETIVO: Determinar los efectos de los Enfoques Alimenticios para Detener la Hipertensión (DASH) patrón de alimentación en los riesgos cardiovasculares y metabólicas en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Material y métodos: Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, se llevó a cabo en 31 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Durante 8 semanas, los participantes fueron asignados al azar a una dieta de control o el patrón de alimentación DASH. RESULTADOS: Después de seguir el patrón de DASH, el peso corporal (p = 0,007) y la circunferencia de la cintura de comer (p = 0,002) redujo significativamente. Los niveles de ayuno de glucosa en sangre y A1C disminuyó después de la adopción de la dieta DASH (-29,4 ± 6,3 mg / dl; p = 0,04 y -1,7 ± 0,1%, p = 0,04, respectivamente). Después de la dieta DASH, el cambio medio de los niveles de colesterol de HDL fue mayor (4,3 ± 0,9 mg / dl; p = 0,001) y se redujo el colesterol LDL (-17,2 ± 3,5 mg / dl; p = 0,02). Además, DASH tuvo efectos beneficiosos sobre la presión sistólica (-13,6 ± 3,5 vs. -3,1 ± 2,7 mmHg; p = 0,02) y la presión arterial diastólica (-9,5 ± 2,6 vs. -0.7 ± 3.3 mmHg; p = 0,04). Conclusiones: En los pacientes diabéticos, la dieta DASH tuvo efectos beneficiosos sobre los riesgos cardiovasculares y metabólicas.

Hilo de publicación

ENCORE (Exercise and Nutritional Interventions for Cardiovascular Health)

Este hilo de publicación incluye 2 referencias

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Hypertension
Año 2009
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A pesar de las directrices de tratamiento de hipertensión ampliamente publicitados para los médicos y las recomendaciones de estilo de vida para los pacientes, las tasas de control de presión arterial siguen siendo bajos. En base comunitaria clínicas de atención primaria, se realizó un estudio anidado, 2 x 2 ensayo aleatorio y controlado de la intervención del médico frente al control y / o intervención del paciente en comparación con el control. Intervención del médico incluyó la capacitación basada en Internet, autocontrol, y los informes trimestrales de retroalimentación. La intervención del paciente incluye 20 sesiones semanales de grupo seguido de 12 contactos mensuales de teléfono de asesoramiento y se centró en la pérdida de peso, Enfoques Alimenticios para Detener la Hipertensión patrón de dieta, ejercicio y reducción de la ingesta de sodio. El resultado primario fue el cambio en la presión arterial sistólica a los 6 meses. Ocho centros de atención primaria (32 médicos) fueron asignados al azar a la intervención del médico o los grupos de control. Dentro de esas prácticas, 574 pacientes fueron asignados al azar a la intervención del paciente o grupos de control. Edad media fue de 60 años, el 61% eran mujeres, y un 37% negro. Los datos de la presión arterial estaban disponibles para el 91% de los pacientes a los 6 meses. El principal efecto de la intervención del médico en la presión arterial sistólica a los 6 meses, ajustado por la presión basal, fue de 0,3 mm Hg (IC 95%: 1,5 a 2,2, P = 0,72). El principal efecto de la intervención del paciente fue de 2,6 mm Hg (IC 95%: 4,4 a 0,7, P = 0,01). La interacción de las 2 intervenciones fue significativa (P = 0,03), el mayor impacto se observó con la combinación de la intervención del médico y el paciente (9,7 + / - 12,7 mm Hg). Las diferencias entre los grupos de tratamiento no persistió a los 18 meses. Combinado médico y el paciente las intervenciones disminuye la presión arterial, las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en aumentar la eficacia y la sostenibilidad de estas intervenciones.

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
Año 2009
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Bajo contenido de sodio Enfoques Alimenticios para Detener la Hipertensión (DASH) Las dietas son la base de la producción, sino restringir la carne roja, sin una justificación clara. La hipótesis de que una dieta vitalidad (VD), una baja en sodio DASH tipo de dieta con una carga de baja acidez que contiene la dieta 6 porciones de 100 g cocida la carne roja magra a la semana, sería más eficaz en la reducción de la presión arterial (PA) en comparación con una mayor carga de ácido dieta sana de referencia (RHD) en base a lineamientos generales de la dieta para reducir el consumo de grasas y aumentar la ingesta de pan y cereales. En un estudio aleatorio, paralelo intervención dietética se realizó para comparar el efecto reductor de presión arterial de estas 2 dietas en las mujeres posmenopáusicas con altos / PA normal. Las mujeres fueron asignadas al azar para seguir cualquiera de VD o de enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo durante 14 semanas. Home PA se midió a diario con un sistema automatizado de monitor de presión bajo condiciones estándar. De 111 mujeres que comienzan el estudio, el 95 completo (46 VD, de 49 RHD). PA sistólica (SBP), a lo largo de la intervención fue menor en el grupo VD comparación con el grupo RHD (medidas repetidas análisis de varianza tiempo por la dieta, P = 0,04), de tal manera que al final del estudio, la VD tenía una caída de la PAS en un 5,6 + / - 1,3 mm Hg (media + / - SEM), en comparación con una caída de 2,7 + / - 1,0 mm Hg en la (diferencia entre los grupos, p = 0,08) RHD. Cuando sólo aquellos que toman medicamentos antihipertensivos fueron evaluados, el VD (n = 17) tuvo un descenso significativo de 6.5 + / - 2,5 mmHg la PAS (p = 0,02) y 4,6 + / - 1,4 mm Hg diastólica (p = 0.005 ) después de 14 semanas, y su PA fue menor que la del grupo RHD (n = 18) durante todo el estudio (p <0,05). Llegamos a la conclusión de que una dieta DASH baja en sodio con una carga de baja acidez en la dieta, que también incluyó a la carne roja magra en la mayoría de los días de la semana, fue eficaz en la reducción de la presión arterial en las mujeres mayores, sobre todo en aquellos que tomaban medicamentos antihipertensivos.