OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to address advances in management and treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis in infants.
SOURCES: A systematic review search was made including all articles published in English between 2010 and 2017, and available in the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and specialized register of the Acute Respiratory Infections Group (Cochrane review group). The following MESH terms in English were included, using different Boolean operators for the search strategy: "bronchiolitis, viral," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "etiology," "therapy," "virology," "prevention and control," "respiratory syncytial virus, human." Additional filters were used.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Few effective interventions are recommended for the management of RSV bronchiolitis in young infants. The main goal is to ensure an adequate oxygen supplementation and fluid balance whenever deemed necessary. Hypertonic saline nebulization is helpful only for hospitalized infants. Numerous antiviral drugs and specific vaccines for RSV are under evaluation and foretell advances in disease management in the near future.
CONCLUSION: A number of promising new technologies are advancing in the field. Until new interventions became feasible, early detection and modification of preventable risk factors is essential to improve outcomes.
La bronquiolitis es una patología prevalente en niños menores de dos años que conlleva importante morbimortalidad. No obstante, aún existe controversia sobre el manejo más adecuado. Se ha planteado el uso de los inhibidores de leucotrienos como opción terapéutica, sin embargo no está clara su real utilidad clínica. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos dos revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen seis estudios aleatorizados controlados pertinentes a la pregunta. Extrajimos los datos, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Concluimos que los inhibidores de leucotrienos podrían no disminuir la mortalidad en pacientes con bronquiolitis y no está claro si disminuyen los días de hospitalización. Podrían disminuir las recurrencias de cuadros sibilantes en pacientes con bronquiolitis, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja y, por otra parte, aumentan los efectos adversos.
The aim of this review was to address advances in management and treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis in infants.
SOURCES:
A systematic review search was made including all articles published in English between 2010 and 2017, and available in the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and specialized register of the Acute Respiratory Infections Group (Cochrane review group). The following MESH terms in English were included, using different Boolean operators for the search strategy: "bronchiolitis, viral," "diagnosis," "epidemiology," "etiology," "therapy," "virology," "prevention and control," "respiratory syncytial virus, human." Additional filters were used.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:
Few effective interventions are recommended for the management of RSV bronchiolitis in young infants. The main goal is to ensure an adequate oxygen supplementation and fluid balance whenever deemed necessary. Hypertonic saline nebulization is helpful only for hospitalized infants. Numerous antiviral drugs and specific vaccines for RSV are under evaluation and foretell advances in disease management in the near future.
CONCLUSION:
A number of promising new technologies are advancing in the field. Until new interventions became feasible, early detection and modification of preventable risk factors is essential to improve outcomes.
