Matriz de evidencia
Vacunas que contienen timerosal y riesgo de trastornos del espectro autista
This matrix includes 5 Revisiones Sistemáticas Show Hide

Estudio primario

No clasificado

TDM Journal Club: Safety and Immunogenicity of Tetanus Diphtheria and Acellular Pertussis Immunization During Pregnancy.

Año 2015
Autores Leibson T , St-Onge M , Koren G
Revista Therapeutic drug monitoring
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

Este artículo no tiene resumen

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Attitudes of US obstetricians toward a combined tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine for adults.

Año 2006
Revista Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

OBJECTIVE:

To describe obstetricians' perspectives related to tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination of mothers and other adults in close contact with infants.

METHODS:

Mail survey of national random sample of 400 obstetricians.

RESULTS:

Response rate was 54%. Most respondents would likely recommend Tdap for women during the postpartum hospital stay (78%) or during pregnancy (69%) if a national recommendation was issued. Expected barriers were knowing the date of patients' most recent Td booster (74%) and patient resistance (46%). Most felt that obstetricians have a role in promoting and administering Tdap vaccine to adults other than mothers likely to come in close contact with infants.

CONCLUSION:

Obstetricians are likely to agree with the recent provisional US recommendation to administer Tdap to postpartum mothers and other adults expected to come in close contact with infants. Obstetricians would also be likely to support a potential recommendation to administer Tdap during pregnancy. Barriers to adoption of new Tdap vaccine recommendations should be monitored.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Primary care physicians' knowledge about diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations in preterm infants.

Año 1992
Autores Langkamp DL , Langhough R
Revista Pediatrics
Enlaces Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

Preterm infants often receive their diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunizations on a delayed schedule or in reduced dosage. Since primary care physicians (PCPs) immunize many preterm infants, the purpose of this study was to describe PCPs' knowledge about the use of DTP immunizations in preterm infants. Among the 479 PCPs who completed the questionnaire, 84% of pediatricians and 60% of family physicians correctly identified chronologic age as a criterion for initiating DTP immunizations in preterm infants. However, nearly 45% of PCPs linked this with other criteria such as a minimum weight requirement. Family physicians' answers differed from the recommendations more often than pediatricians' answers. The answers of pediatricians and family physicians who completed residency greater than 20 years ago differed from the recommendations more often than those who completed training less than or equal to 20 years ago. The answers of PCPs with fewer than five preterm infants in their practices differed from the recommendations more frequently than the answers of those with five or more preterm infants in their practices. Educational interventions are needed to bring PCPs' knowledge and practices into compliance with the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations concerning DTP immunizations for preterm infants.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of a Neisseria meningitidis A + C diphtheria conjugate vaccine in infants from Niger.

Año 2000
Revista The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

BACKGROUND:

High rates of endemic disease and recurrent epidemics of serogroup A and C meningococcal meningitis continue to occur in sub-Saharan Africa. A meningococcal A + C polysaccharide diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine may address this issue.

METHODS:

In Niger three doses of a bivalent meningococcal A + C diphtheria-toxoid-conjugated vaccine (MenD), containing 1, 4 or 16 microg of each polysaccharide per dose, administered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, were compared with Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated (PRP-T) vaccine given with the same schedule or with a meningococcal A + C polysaccharide vaccine (MenPS) given at 10 and 14 weeks of age. One blood sample was taken at the time of enrollment (6 weeks of age) and another was taken 4 weeks after the primary series.

RESULTS:

All doses of MenD were well-tolerated. After the primary series a higher proportion of infants had detectable serum bactericidal activity against serogroup A for each dose of MenD (from 94% to 100%) than for MenPS (31%) or H. influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated vaccine (18.9%); P < or = 0.05. Significant differences were also observed for serogroup C MenD 4 microg or MenD 16 microg (100%) vs. MenPS (69.7%) or Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid-conjugated vaccine (24.3%); P < or = 0.05. When MenPS vaccine was given to 11-month-old children, the immune response measured by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum bactericidal assay was greater in those previously immunized with MenD than in those immunized with MenPS vaccine.

CONCLUSION:

MenD was safe among infants in Niger, and immunization led to significantly greater functional antibody activity than with MenPS. The 4-microg dose of MenD for both the A and C serogroups has been selected for further studies.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Differences in reactogenicity and antigenicity of acellular and standard pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus in infants.

Año 1988
Autores Anderson EL , Belshe RB , Bartram J
Revista The Journal of infectious diseases
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

Clinical and serological responses of infants to primary immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine containing components of acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP-AC) were compared in a double-blind study with responses of infants receiving whole-cell DTP vaccine (DTP-WC). Three doses of either DTP-AC containing lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) or DTP-WC vaccine were given to infants at two, four, and six months of age. Nineteen infants received DTP-AC vaccine, and 20 infants received DTP-WC vaccine. Significantly more infants who received DTP-WC vaccine manifested fever, swelling, and/or total reactions than did infants who received DTP-AC vaccine. Infants who received DTP-AC vaccine had comparable antibody titers to LPF and significantly higher titers to FHA after three immunizations, as compared with the infants who received DTP-WC vaccine (P less than or equal to .001). The DTP-WC vaccine stimulated higher pertussis agglutination titers (P = .04) than did DTP-AC. The DTP-AC vaccine was immunogenic and significantly less reactogenic in infants than was the currently used DTP-WC vaccine.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Atualização epidemiológica: Difteria (5 de novembro de 2021)

Año 2022
Enlaces Virtual Health Library
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

No contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/ Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) reitera aos estados-membros que a vacinação e a vigilância epidemiológica para doenças imunopreveníveis devem ser consideradas serviços de saúde essenciais e não devem ser interrompidas. Dado o declínio na cobertura da vacina contra difteria, a OPAS/OMS também lembra aos estados-membros que é importante ter um plano para vacinar as populações mais vulneráveis e manter um suprimento permanente de antitoxina diftérica para controlar possíveis surtos.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Safety and immunogenicity of Chiron/Biocine recombinant acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine in infants and toddlers.

Año 1997
Revista The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus (aPDT) vaccine (C-aPDT, Chiron/Biocine).

STUDY DESIGN:

This is a randomized blinded trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant aPDT vaccine (C-aPDT, Chiron/Biocine) in 2000 infant recipients compared with 498 controls who received whole cell diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (wDPT; Connaught) vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. In addition the safety and immunogenicity of the same C-aPDT vaccine were evaluated as a booster dose in a subset of the same population when given at 15 to 18 months of age and compared with licensed Lederle aPDT vaccine.

RESULTS:

The C-aPDT vaccine was associated with very few local or systemic reactions when compared with wDPT. In toddlers the local and systemic side effects observed were similar after either acellular vaccine. When the immunogenicity of the C-aPDT vaccine was compared with the wDPT (Connaught) in infancy, the vaccines were equivalent for anti-diphtheria response, the wDPT developed higher anti-tetanus response and the C-aPDT vaccine was significantly more immunogenic for all other antigens tested. In toddlers the C-aPDT acellular vaccine exhibited equal or improved immunogenicity for antigens tested as compared with Lederle aPDT except for a higher anti-filamentous hemagglutinin response with the Lederle aPDT vaccine.

CONCLUSION:

The Chiron/Biocine aPDT vaccine offers an improved safety profile as well as improved immunogenicity when compared with a licensed wDPT product.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Thimerosal exposure (from tetanus-diphtheria vaccine) during pregnancy and neurodevelopment of breastfed infants at 6 months.

Año 2010
Autores Marques RC , Dórea JG , Bernardi JV
Revista Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

AIM:

We studied the effect on neurodevelopment of infants who are exposed to thimerosal in tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccines during pregnancy.

METHODS:

We compared Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) of exclusive breastfed infants at 6 months born to mothers who received Td (1 to 3 doses) against those who were born to mothers who did not take such vaccines.

RESULTS:

Compared with the group of infants not exposed to ethylmercury in utero, the infants of exposed mothers showed no significant difference in neurodevelopment delays. Although there was a significant correlation between hair-Hg of mothers and hair-Hg of neonates (Spearman r = 0.353; p = 0.0011), there was no significant correlation between the level of in utero exposure to ethylmercury in Td vaccines and neonate's hair-Hg concentrations (Spearman r = 0.060; p = 0.5922). However, regression analysis showed that GDS at 6 months was significantly associated with total mercury concentration of neonate's hair but was not sensitive to the number of vaccines taken by the mother.

CONCLUSION:

Early neurodevelopment of exclusively breastfed infants is sensitive to in utero exposure to mercury, but maternal thimerosal exposure in tetanus-diphtheria vaccines per se cannot portend clinical neurodevelopment delays measured by GDS at 6 months.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Tetanus immunity after diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccination in children with clinically stable HIV infection.

Año 2005
Revista The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

BACKGROUND:

HIV infection often impairs the immune response to childhood vaccines.

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to study the ability of HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to generate a booster response to immunization with a recall antigen to which they had lost humoral immunity.

METHODS:

Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination was given at either 16 or 36 weeks after initiation of HAART to 37 HIV-infected children 2 to 9 years of age with a history of DTaP or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis receipt who had negative tetanus antibody titers (<or=1:243) at baseline.

RESULTS:

There was a clear increase in tetanus titers after vaccination, with an increase of 27-fold over the baseline values at weeks 4 and 8. The effect on tetanus titers faded to a 9-fold and 3-fold increase over baseline values at weeks 18 and 32, respectively. DTaP vaccination did not affect HIV-1 RNA viral load or CD4 percentage or cell count. There was no increase in either acute or long-term adverse events associated with the DTaP vaccination.

CONCLUSION:

Although children with stable HIV infection receiving HAART can mount antigen-specific responses to tetanus immunization, the durability of these responses might be limited. Long-term monitoring of specific immune function in such children is indicated.

Mostrar resumen

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. A comparison of the immune response and adverse reactions to conventional and acellular pertussis components.

Año 1986
Autores Edwards KM , Lawrence E , Wright PF
Revista American journal of diseases of children (1960)
Enlaces DOI , Pubmed
Cargando información sobre las referencias
Mostrar resumen

Although the conventional Bordetella pertussis vaccine, which consists of killed whole organisms, has been shown to be effective in preventing disease, it has been associated with transient local and systemic reactions and may produce encephalopathy, though rarely. A new acellular pertussis vaccine containing partially purified protein antigens, filamentous hemagglutinin, and lymphocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin has been developed for use in Japan. We compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of conventional and acellular pertussis vaccine. Forty children aged 4 to 6 years and 40 children aged 18 to 24 months, all previously immunized at appropriate times with conventional diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, were enrolled. We randomly assigned children to receive either conventional pertussis vaccine or acellular pertussis vaccine in a double-blind fashion. The diphtheria and tetanus components in both preparations were identical. Equivalent rises in pertussis agglutinin titers and antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin were measured in both vaccine groups at both ages that we studied. However, reaction rates to the two vaccines in both age groups were strikingly different. Acellular pertussis vaccine was significantly less reactogenic for fever, pain, fretfulness, abnormal gait, and local reactions at the vaccine administration site. If studies in progressively younger children confirm its reduced reactogenicity and equal immunogenicity, and if large-scale trials indicate its efficacy, the acellular pertussis vaccine may be a more appropriate candidate than the current vaccine.

Mostrar resumen