Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Safety and efficacy of anti-PCSK9 antibodies: a meta-analysis of 25 randomized, controlled trials.

Año 2015
Autores Zhang XL , Zhu QQ , Zhu L , Chen JZ , Chen QH , Li GN - Más
Revista BMC medicine
Enlaces Pubmed , PMC , DOI

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BACKGROUND:

Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been intensively studied to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-PCSK9 antibodies in randomized, controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS:

PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL databases, and recent conferences were searched. Safety outcomes were rates of common adverse events. Efficacy outcomes included percentages of LDL-C lowering and other lipid changes compared with placebo and ezetimibe, respectively.

RESULTS:

Twenty-five RCTs encompassing 12,200 patients were included. The rates of common adverse events were firstly reported in our study by pooling together all evidence in RCTs, showing largely no significant difference between anti-PCSK9 antibodies and placebo (or ezetimibe), except that alirocumab was associated with reduced rates of death (relative risk (RR): 0.43, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.19 to 0.96, P = 0.04) and an increased rate of injection-site reactions (RR: 1.48, 95 % CI.: 1.05 to 2.09, P = 0.02); evolocumab reduced the rate of abnormal liver function (RR: 0.43, 95 % CI.: 0.20 to 0.93, P = 0.03), both compared with placebo. No significant difference in safety outcomes was detected between monthly 420 mg and biweekly 140 mg evolocumab treatments. Monthly 420 mg evolocumab treatment significantly reduced LDL-C by -54.6 % (95 % CI.: -58.7 to -50.5 %) and by absolute -78.9 mg/dl (95 % CI.: -88.9 to -68.9 mg/dl) versus placebo, and by -36.3 % (95 % CI.: -38.8 to -33.9 %) versus ezetimibe, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by 7.6 % (95 % CI.: 5.7 to 9.5 %) versus placebo and 6.4 % (95 % CI.: 4.3 to 8.4 %) versus ezetimibe. An equal or even greater change was observed following biweekly 140 mg administration. Significant and favorable changes were also detected in other lipids following evolocumab treatment. Biweekly 50 to 150 mg alirocumab lowered LDL-C by -52.6 % (95 % CI.: -58.2 to -47.0 %) versus placebo, by -29.9 % (95 % CI.: -32.9 to -26.9 %) versus ezetimibe, and increased HDL-C by 8.0 % (95 % CI.: 4.2 to 11.7 %) versus placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:

Evolocumab and alirocumab were safe and well-tolerated from our most-powered analyses. Both antibodies substantially reduced the LDL-C level by over 50 %, increased the HDL-C level, and resulted in favorable changes in other lipids.

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Revisión sistemática

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Anti-PCSK9 antibodies for hypercholesterolaemia: Overview of clinical data and implications for primary care.

Año 2017
Revista International journal of clinical practice
Enlaces Pubmed , PMC , DOI

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OBJECTIVES:

To put data from our recent systematic review of phase 3 studies of anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) antibodies into the context of clinical practice.

METHODS:

Data from studies previously identified by a systematic review of phase 3 studies of alirocumab and evolocumab and additional references from non-systematic literature searches were used. We evaluated the hypothetical cardiovascular (CV) benefit in cases of typical patients in whom anti-PCSK9 antibodies may be recommended, using preliminary major CV event (CVE) rates from long-term clinical trials of anti-PCSK9 antibodies and from extrapolations derived from correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and CV benefit with other lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs).

RESULTS:

Rapid (within 1-2 weeks) and persistent (8-74 weeks) reductions in LDL-C levels were achieved with anti-PCSK9 antibodies. When combined with statins (± ezetimibe), high rates of LDL-C goal achievement were observed (41%-87% with alirocumab and 63%-100% with evolocumab). In long-term alirocumab and evolocumab studies, reductions in major CVEs of 48% and 53%, respectively, were observed. For every 38.7 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) reduction in LDL-C, a 22% reduction in relative CVE risk is predicted. Applying these assumptions to typical patients who have high-very high risk (15%-60% absolute 10-year CVE risk) and elevated LDL-C despite maximally tolerated statins, the 10-year number needed to treat with an anti-PCSK9 antibody to prevent one additional CVE varies from 4 to 26, depending on baseline LDL-C levels and residual absolute CVE risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

Anti-PCSK9 antibodies effectively lower LDL-C levels in a broad patient population. While awaiting comprehensive data from CV outcome trials, these agents should be considered in very high risk patients, such as those in secondary prevention and those with familial hypercholesterolaemia who are already receiving maximally tolerated LLTs, have not achieved their LDL-C goal and require substantial reductions in LDL-C.

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Estudio primario

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Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en el control lipídico de pacientes que inician inhibidores de la PCSK9

Traducción oficial
Año 2022
Revista Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis
Enlaces Pubmed , Virtual Health Library , PMC , DOI

Este artículo no está incluido en ninguna revisión sistemática

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Objetivos: El estudio MEMOGAL (NCT04319081) está dirigido a evaluar cambios en la función cognitiva en pacientes tratados con inhibidores de la PCSK9 (iPCSK9). Se realiza primer análisis: 1) discutir el papel de los farmacéuticos hospitalarios durante de la pandemia, así como evaluar el impacto de la misma en el control lipídico; 2) análisis descriptivo; 3) eficacia en reducción de colesterol-LDL (c-LDL) de alirocumab y evolocumab; y 4) reportar seguridad de los iPCSK9. Material y métodos: Se trata de un análisis prospectivo en vida real de pacientes tratados por primera vez con iPCSK9 en la práctica clínica habitual e incluidos en su primera dispensación en las consultas de farmacia de 12 hospitales de Galicia desde mayo de 2020-abril de 2021. Los valores basales de c-LDL son los previos al inicio del tratamiento con iPCSK9 y como seguimiento los valores a los 6 meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 89 pacientes. El 86,5% con enfermedad cardiovascular y un 53,9% intolerancia a las estatinas. Un 78,8% de los pacientes fueron tratados con estatinas de alta intensidad. Las estatinas más usadas fueron rosuvastatina (34,1%) y atorvastatina (20,5%). El nivel basal de c-LDL fue 148mg/dl y de 71mg/dl al seguimiento. Los pacientes tratados con alirocumab (n=43) presentaban valores basales de 144mg/dl y de 73mg/dl al seguimiento y con evolocumab (n=46) de 151mg/dl basal y 69mg/dl al seguimiento. La reducción de c-LDL fue para evolocumab 51,21% y alirocumab 51,05%. El 43,1% presentaba a los 6 meses valores>70mg/dl, el 19,4% entre 55 y 69mg/dl y el 37,5%<55mg/dl. Los pacientes que obtuvieron una reducción>50% de c-LDL fueron el 58,3%. Los eventos adversos presentados fueron: reacción en el lugar de inyección (n=2), mialgias (n=1), síntomas pseudogripales (n=1) y deterioro neurocognitivo (n=1).(AU)

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