The efficacy and safety of dabigatran for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were demonstrated in two trials. It is unclear if the results pertain to patients with cancer and VTE. Data from two randomised trials comparing dabigatran and warfarin for acute VTE were pooled. Primary efficacy outcome was symptomatic recurrent VTE and related death from randomisation to the end of the treatment period. Safety outcomes were major, major and clinically relevant non-major, and any bleeding during the oral-only treatment period. Patients with active cancer (=within 5 years) at baseline or diagnosed during the study were analysed. Compared with 4,772 patients without cancer, recurrent VTE occurred more frequently in 335 patients with cancer at any time (hazard ratio [HR] 3.3; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.3) and more often in 114 with cancer diagnosed during the study compared to 221 with cancer at baseline (HR 2.6; 95 % CI, 1.1-6.2). There was no significant difference in efficacy between dabigatran and warfarin for cancer at baseline (HR 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.20-2.8) or diagnosed during the study (HR 0.63; 95 % CI, 0.20-2.0). Major bleeding (HR 4.1; 95 % CI, 2.2-7.5) and any bleeding (HR 1.5; 95 % CI, 1.2-2.0) were more frequent in patients with cancer than without, but with similar incidence in cancer with dabigatran or warfarin. In conclusion, in cancer patients, dabigatran provided similar clinical benefit as warfarin. VTE recurrence or bleeding were similar in patients on dabigatran or warfarin. The efficacy of dabigatran has not been assessed in comparison with low-molecular-weight heparin.
<b>Importance: </b>Low-molecular-weight heparin is recommended over warfarin for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with active cancer largely based on results of a single, large trial.<b>OBJECTIVE: </b>To study the efficacy and safety of tinzaparin vs warfarin for treatment of acute, symptomatic VTE in patients with active cancer.<b>Design, Settings, and Participants: </b>A randomized, open-label study with blinded central adjudication of study outcomes enrolled patients in 164 centers in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North, Central, and South America between August 2010 and November 2013. Adult patients with active cancer (defined as histologic diagnosis of cancer and receiving anticancer therapy or diagnosed with, or received such therapy, within the previous 6 months) and objectively documented proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism, with a life expectancy greater than 6 months and without contraindications for anticoagulation, were followed up for 180 days and for 30 days after the last study medication dose for collection of safety data.<b>INTERVENTIONS: </b>Tinzaparin (175 IU/kg) once daily for 6 months vs conventional therapy with tinzaparin (175 IU/kg) once daily for 5 to 10 days followed by warfarin at a dose adjusted to maintain the international normalized ratio within the therapeutic range (2.0-3.0) for 6 months.<b>Main Outcomes and Measures: </b>Primary efficacy outcome was a composite of centrally adjudicated recurrent DVT, fatal or nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and incidental VTE. Safety outcomes included major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and overall mortality.<b>RESULTS: </b>Nine hundred patients were randomized and included in intention-to-treat efficacy and safety analyses. Recurrent VTE occurred in 31 of 449 patients treated with tinzaparin and 45 of 451 patients treated with warfarin (6-month cumulative incidence, 7.2% for tinzaparin vs 10.5% for warfarin; hazard ratio [HR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.41-1.03]; P = .07). There were no differences in major bleeding (12 patients for tinzaparin vs 11 patients for warfarin; HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.40-1.99]; P = .77) or overall mortality (150 patients for tinzaparin vs 138 patients for warfarin; HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.85-1.36]; P = .54). A significant reduction in clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding was observed with tinzaparin (49 of 449 patients for tinzaparin vs 69 of 451 patients for warfarin; HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.40-0.84]; P = .004).<b>Conclusions and Relevance: </b>Among patients with active cancer and acute symptomatic VTE, the use of full-dose tinzaparin (175 IU/kg) daily compared with warfarin for 6 months did not significantly reduce the composite measure of recurrent VTE and was not associated with reductions in overall mortality or major bleeding, but was associated with a lower rate of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. Further studies are needed to assess whether the efficacy outcomes would be different in patients at higher risk of recurrent VTE.<b>Trial Registration: </b>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01130025.
Publication Thread
AMPLIFY(Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis as First-Line Therapy)
This thread includes 9 references
Publication Thread
EINSTEIN DVT(Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis)
This thread includes 8 references
Publication Thread
EINSTEIN PE(Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism)
OBJECTIF: Pour évaluer si faible poids moléculaire d'héparine (HBPM) pourrait être tout aussi (ou plus) efficace que par voie orale anti-vitamine K (AVK agents) dans le traitement à long terme de la thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP).
CONCEPTION: Une étude randomisée, ouverte procès.
MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Dans cet essai, 241 patients présentant une TVP proximale symptomatique des membres inférieurs confirmée par échographie duplex ont été inclus. Après HBPM initiale, les patients ont reçu 6 mois de traitement avec la dose thérapeutique complète de la tinzaparine ou acénocoumarol. Le critère principal était l'incidence de 12 mois de veineuse récidivante symptomatique thrombo-embolie (TEV). Duplex scans ont été réalisées à 6 et 12 mois.
RÉSULTATS: Au cours de la période de 12 mois, six patients (5%) de 119 qui ont reçu une HBPM et 13 (10,7%) de 122 qui ont reçu AVK eu récidive de MTEV (p = 0,11). Chez les patients atteints d'un cancer, récidive de MTEV ont tendance à être plus faible dans le groupe HBPM (deux de 36 [5,5%]) vs sept 33 [21,2%], p = 0,06). Un saignement majeur a eu lieu dans le groupe HBPM et trois dans le groupe AVK. Veineuse recanalisation augmenté de manière significative à 6 mois (73,1% contre 47,5%) et à 12 mois (91,5% contre 69,2%) dans le groupe HBPM.
CONCLUSIONS: La tinzaparine était plus efficace que par AVK dans la réalisation de recanalisation du thrombus jambe. À long terme tinzaparine était au moins aussi efficace et sûre que AVK pour prévenir la TEV récurrente, en particulier chez les patients atteints d'un cancer.
Cette étude a évalué l'énoxaparine versus énoxaparine seule initiale suivie par la warfarine dans la prévention secondaire des événements thromboemboliques veineux chez les adultes atteints de tumeurs malignes active. Patients atteints de cancer (n = 122) avec de graves événements thromboemboliques veineux symptomatiques ont été répartis aléatoirement pour recevoir l'énoxaparine sous-cutanée de 1,0 mg / kg toutes les 12 heures pendant 5 jours, suivie par 1,0 mg / kg par jour (groupe 1a) ou 1,5 mg / kg par jour (groupe 1b) pour 175 jours, ou énoxaparine sous-cutanée 1,0 mg / kg toutes les 12 heures pendant au moins 5 jours et jusqu'à un ratio stable international normalisé de 2 à 3 a été réalisé sur la warfarine orale commencé le jour 2 et a continué à jour 180 (groupe 2) . Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives dans majeures et mineures des taux de saignement entre les groupes de traitement. Aucun événements hémorragiques étaient de localisation intracrânienne ou fatale. Traitement énoxaparine était possible, généralement bien toléré et efficace pour une période de 180 jours dans la prévention secondaire des événements thromboemboliques veineux chez les patients atteints de tumeurs malignes active.
