Groningen LCPUFA
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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants.

期刊 The American journal of clinical nutrition
Year 2003
連結 Pubmed DOI
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BACKGROUND: Whether long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) play a role in the development of the young nervous system in term infants is debated. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether supplementation of formula with LCPs for 2 mo improves the quality of general movements (GMs) in healthy term infants at 3 mo of age. DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted with 2 groups of healthy term infants: a control-formula (CF) group (n = 131) and an LCP-supplemented-formula (LF) group (n = 119). A breastfed (BF) group (n = 147) served as a reference. Information on potential confounders was collected at enrollment. Videotapes were made of the infants' spontaneous motor behavior at 3 mo of age to assess the quality of their GMs. On the basis of quality, normal GMs were classified as normal-optimal or normal-suboptimal, and abnormal GMs were classified as mildly or definitely abnormal. Attrition at 3 mo of age was 15% and nonselective. Multivariate regression analyses with adjustment for confounders were carried out to evaluate the effect of the type of feeding. RESULTS: None of the infants had definitely abnormal GMs. Infants in the CF group had mildly abnormal GMs significantly more often than did infants in the LF and BF groups (31% compared with 19% and 20%, respectively). Infants in the BF group had normal-optimal GMs more frequently than did infants in the LF and CF groups (34% compared with 18% and 21%, respectively). Logistic regression analyses confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of healthy term infants with LCPs during the first 2 mo of life reduces the occurrence of mildly abnormal GMs. Copyright © 2003 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and neurological developmental outcome at 18 months in healthy term infants

期刊 Acta Pædiatrica
Year 2005
連結 DOI www.cochranelibrary.com
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AIM: Previously, we found a beneficial effect of 2 mo supplementation of infant formula with long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) on neurological condition at 3 mo in healthy term infants. The aim of the present follow‐up study was to evaluate whether the effect on neurological condition persists until 18 mo. METHODS: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized control study was conducted. Three groups were formed: a control (CF; n = 169), an LC‐PUFA‐supplemented (LF; n = 146) and a breastfed (BF; n = 159) group. Information on potential confounders was collected at enrolment. At the age of 18 mo, neurodevelopmental condition was assessed by the age‐specific neurological examination of Hempel and the Bayley scales. The Hempel assessment resulted in a clinical neurological diagnosis, a total optimality score and a score on the fluency of motility. The Bayley scales resulted in mental and psychomotor developmental indices. Attrition at 18 mo was 5.5% and non‐selective. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of type of feeding while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: None of the children had developed cerebral palsy and 23 (CF: n = 8; LF: n = 10; BF: n = 5) showed minor neurological dysfunction. The groups did not show statistically significant differences in clinical neurological condition, neurological optimality score, fluency score, and the psychomotor and mental development indices. Multivariate analysis confirmed that there was no effect of type of feeding on neurological condition. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the beneficial neurodevelopmental effect of 2 mo LC‐PUFA supplementation in healthy term infants can not be detected at the age of 18 mo.

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Supplementation of DHA but not DHA with arachidonic acid during pregnancy and lactation influences general movement quality in 12-week-old term infants

期刊 The British journal of nutrition
Year 2010
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DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) are important for neurodevelopment. A traditional neonatal neurological examination and the evaluation of general movement quality are sensitive techniques for assessing neurodevelopment in young infants. Mildly abnormal general movements at 3 months have been associated with a non-optimal current brain condition. We investigated whether supplementation of DHA during pregnancy and lactation influences the infant's brain development and whether additional AA modulates this effect. Healthy women were randomly assigned to DHA (220mg/d, n 42), DHA+AA (220mg each/d, n 41) or control (n 36), from about week 17 (range 14-20 weeks) of pregnancy until 12 weeks postpartum. The control and the DHA+AA groups had approximately comparable dietary DHA/AA ratios. The standardised neonatal neurological examination was carried out at 2 weeks. General movement quality was assessed at 2 and 12 weeks. Neither DHA alone nor DHA+AA influenced outcomes in the traditional examination. General movement quality of infants in the DHA group was lower than that of infants in the other two groups, especially at 12 weeks: 61% of the infants in the DHA group showed mildly abnormal general movements compared with 31% in the control group (P=0008) and 34% in the DHA+AA group (P=0015). We conclude that general movement quality at 12 weeks is sensitive to the maternal dietary DHA/AA balance. © 2009 The Authors.

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格罗宁根LCPUFA的研究：产后的长链不饱和脂肪酸在健康足月婴儿神经系统疾病，在9年没有任何影响。

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期刊 The British journal of nutrition
Year 2010
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长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA的）公式的补充，可以在婴儿早期神经发育结局的有利影响，但6个月后效果的不确定性存在。目前的研究是首次调查是否有长期的公式含有LCPUFA的前2个月后出生的婴儿的消费提高这些儿童的神经系统疾病，在9岁。两组健康足月儿：标准公式（169）和LCPUFA的补充组（LF; N 146）与对照组进行前瞻性，双盲，随机对照研究。一个母乳喂养组（高炉; N 159）作为参考。年龄9岁儿童神经据以Touwen评估，在神经系统的最优分数和轻微的神经功能障碍（国防部）的严重程度和类型的信息。潜在的混杂因素的信息收集登记和后续。进行了多因素分析，以评估营养的作用，同时调整混淆。减员（28％）是有选择性的：辍学LF组中更经常的男孩，并有显著较低的智力发育指数在18个月。神经系统最优和9岁的严重性和国防部类型没有差异的两个公式组。在BF组的儿童表现出显着较少罚款比配方奶喂养的孩子们的操纵性功能障碍。总之，在健康足月儿出生后第2个月的公式补充LCPUFA的，不会改变在学龄期的神经功能。这项研究证实，母乳喂养婴儿配方奶喂养的婴儿比稍微好一点的神经发育结局。

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The influence of supplemental docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment at eighteen months.

期刊 Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids
Year 2011
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are important for neurodevelopment. The effects of DHA (220 mg/day, n=41), DHA+AA (220 mg/day, n=39) or placebo (n=34) during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment at 18 months, and the relations between umbilical cord DHA, AA and Mead acid and neurodevelopment were studied. An age-specific, standardized neurological assessment for the evaluation of minor neurological dysfunction (MND), and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) were used. The intervention did not influence any of the outcomes. Umbilical venous (UV) Mead acid was negatively and n-6 fatty acids were weakly positively associated to the BSID mental developmental index. Children with simple MND had lower UV DHA compared to normally classified children. We conclude that relatively short-term maternal DHA or DHA+AA supplementation does not influence neurodevelopment at toddler age, although some parameters of brain development are related to perinatal DHA and AA status.

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Effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of infant formula on cognition and behaviour at 9 years of age.

期刊 Developmental medicine and child neurology
Year 2012
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Aim Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of infant formula may have a beneficial effect on cognitive development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LCPUFA formula supplementation primarily on cognition and secondarily on behaviour at age 9 years. Special attention was paid to the potentially modifying effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Method A double-blind, randomized control study was performed in two groups of healthy infants born at term: one group, constituting the control group, received standard formula (n=169) and another group received standard formula supplemented with LCPUFAs (n=146). A breastfed group (n=159) served as an additional reference. At 9 years of age, 72% of the children (control group: n=123; 71 males, 52 females; LCPUFA group: n=91; 42 males, 49 females; breastfed group: n=127, 64 males, 63 females) underwent extensive cognitive and behavioural testing. Results An interaction between infant nutrition and smoking during pregnancy was found. Among children exposed to smoking during pregnancy, LCPUFA supplementation was associated with higher mean verbal IQ scores (p=0.007) and learning and memory (p=0.006). Among children not exposed to smoking during pregnancy, LCPUFA supplementation was associated with lower mean verbal memory scores (p=0.003). Executive function scores were significantly lower in the LCPUFA-supplemented group than in the control group (p=0.001). Breastfeeding was associated with better performance on IQ (p=0.005). Interpretation No consistent beneficial effect of LCPUFA formula supplementation on cognitive development in term-born infants was found. The study confirmed that breastfeeding is associated with better cognition.