The numerous health benefits of olive oil are widely known, however, it also provides anti-allergic properties that have not yet been fully defined. In this study, the anti-allergic activity of olive oil was evaluated by analyzing the clinical symptoms and immune-related factors in BALB/c mice that had ingested 600 mg/(kg∙day) olive oil for two weeks prior to the evaluation. An allergy model was subsequently constructed for analysis, the results of which showed that the olive oil reduced the scores of allergic symptoms in the mice, and up-regulated the hypothermia and the decline in the immune organ index. Moreover, fewer allergy-related cytokines and reduced intestinal inflammation was discovered in the olive oil-treated group. In addition, analysis of intestinal mucosal immune-related factors revealed that the olive oil promoted the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1) and IL-22, and helped maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial physical barrier. Increased levels of mucin 2 and β-defensin were also found in the intestinal mucus of the olive oil-treated mice. These findings suggest that the oral administration of olive oil effectively attenuated the ovalbumin-induced allergic immune response in the mice, and had a positive effect on intestinal epithelial mucosal immunity
Increasing evidence indicates that intestinal microecological imbalances are strongly associated with food allergen intolerance. This study investigated the effect of olive oil on food allergy susceptibility and intestinal microecology based on an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mouse model. The results indicated that the allergic symptoms of sensitized mice were alleviated when they were supplemented with olive oil at 1-3 g/kg per day for 7 weeks. Intestinal epithelium observation showed repaired ileum villi and upregulated tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Furthermore, the levels of the cytokines (e.g., IL-10) secreted by regulatory T cells were increased, whereas T helper 2 (Th2) cell-associated factors were decreased in lamina propria. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated reduced Burkholderiaceae and increased Clostridiaceae in the intestinal microflora. The results suggest that an olive oil-enriched diet may effectively prevent food allergies by regulating the intestinal microecological balance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Recent studies emphasized that intestinal ecological imbalance, including intestinal immunity and microflora structure, plays an important role in affecting the occurrence and development of food allergy. The present results implied that olive oil, one of the main components of the Mediterranean diet, can effectively ameliorate the symptoms of OVA-induced food allergy by regulating intestinal microecological homeostasis. Therefore, dietary supplementation with olive oil may be an effective strategy for preventing food allergies.
To help produce hypoallergenic food, this study investigated reducing the allergenicity and improving the functional properties of bovine β-lactoglobulin (βLG) by covalent conjugation with (-)-epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and chlorogenic acid (CA). The covalent bond between the polyphenols and the amino acid side-chains in βLG was confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS and SDS-PAGE. Structural analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated that the covalent conjugate of EGCG and CA led to the changed protein structure of βLG. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that conjugation of βLG with these polyphenols was effective in reducing the IgE-binding capacity of βLG. The conjugates maintained the retinol-binding activity without denaturation the protein and enhanced the thermal stability with high antioxidant activity. The study provides an innovative approach to producing hypoallergenic food.
Polyphenols are naturally derived bioactive compounds with numerous reported health benefits. We have previously reported on the beneficial effect of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in a murine model of food allergy. The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the class of bioactive polyphenols that exhibit a beneficial anti-allergic effect and to assess whether the protective effect matches the in vivo bioavailable metabolite concentrations. Female BALB/c mice were sensitised to ovalbumin (OVA) following the protocol of a well-established murine model of food allergy. They were fed diets containing polyphenol-enriched extracts or purified epicatechin for 8 d after the last sensitisation. The sensitised mice were orally challenged with OVA after the intervention. The allergy symptoms, in addition to allergen-specific serum Ig concentrations and gene expression profiles in the intestine, of the control and treated mice were compared. Plasma samples were collected to compare the concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites in the treatment groups. Polyphenol-enriched fruit extracts containing epicatechin exhibited a significant anti-allergic effect in vivo. This effect was unambiguously attributed to epicatechin, as oral administration of this purified polyphenol to sensitised mice by inclusion in their diet modulated allergy symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Immune parameters were also affected by the administration of epicatechin. Bioavailability measurements in plasma indicated that the attenuation of allergy symptoms could be due to the higher concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites. In conclusion, epicatechin is a key bioactive polyphenol that has the ability to modulate allergy outcomes in sensitised mice.
OBJETIVO: Determinar si el ácido poliinsaturado de cadena larga n-3 dieta grasa (AGPICL) suplementación de las mujeres embarazadas con un feto en alto riesgo de enfermedad alérgica reduce inmunoglobulina E eczema asociado o alergia alimentaria a 1 año de edad.
DISEÑO: El seguimiento de los recién nacidos de alto riesgo hereditario de la enfermedad alérgica en el ácido docosahexaenoico para Optimizar Resultado Materno Infantil (Domino) ensayo controlado aleatorio.
ESCENARIO: Adelaide, Australia del Sur.
Participantes: 706 niños con alto riesgo hereditario de desarrollar enfermedades alérgicas e hijos de madres que participan en el ensayo de Domino.
Intervenciones: El grupo de intervención (n = 368) fueron asignados al azar para recibir cápsulas de aceite de pescado (que proporciona 900 mg de AGPICL n-3 al día) de 21 semanas de gestación hasta el nacimiento, el grupo control (n = 338) recibieron cápsulas de aceite vegetal emparejados sin n-3 LCPUFA.
PRINCIPAL MEDIDA DE RESULTADO: Inmunoglobulina E enfermedad alérgica asociada (eczema o alergia alimentaria con la sensibilización) a 1 año de edad.
RESULTADOS: No se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje global de niños con inmunoglobulina E asociada enfermedades alérgicas entre la AGPICL n-3 y el grupo control (32/368 (9%) v 43/338 (13%), no ajustado riesgo relativo 0,68, 95 intervalo de confianza% 0,43 a 1,05, P = 0,08; riesgo relativo ajustado: 0,70, 0,45 a 1,09, P = 0,12), aunque el porcentaje de lactantes diagnosticado de eccema atópico (es decir, el eczema asociado con la sensibilización) fue menor en el n- 3 grupo de AGPICL (26/368 (7%) v 39/338 (12%); sin ajustar riesgo relativo 0,61, 0,38 a 0,98; P = 0,04; riesgo relativo ajustado: 0,64, 0,40 a 1,02, P = 0,06). Menos niños fueron sensibilizados al huevo en el grupo de AGPICL n-3 (34/368 (9%) V 52/338 (15%) ajustada riesgo relativo 0.61, ,40-,91, p = 0,02; riesgo relativo ajustado 0,62 0,41 a 0,93, P = 0,02), pero no hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la inmunoglobulina E alergia alimentaria asociada fue visto.
CONCLUSIÓN: n-3 LCPUFA suplementos durante el embarazo no redujo la incidencia global de inmunoglobulina E alergias asociadas en el primer año de vida, aunque el eczema atópico y sensibilización huevos eran más bajos. A más largo plazo de seguimiento es necesaria para determinar si la suplementación tiene un efecto en las enfermedades alérgicas respiratorias y sensibilización aeroalergenos en la infancia.
JUICIO DE INSCRIPCIÓN: Australia Nueva Zelanda Registros de Ensayos Clínicos ACTRN12610000735055 (ensayo Domino: ACTRN12605000569606).
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Relative deficiency of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been implicated in the rising allergy prevalence in Westernized countries. Fish oil supplementation may provide an intervention strategy for primary allergy prevention. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fish oil n-3 PUFA supplementation from birth to 6 months of age on infant allergic disease. METHODS: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 420 infants at high atopic risk received a daily supplement of fish oil containing 280 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 110 mg eicosapentaenoic acid or a control (olive oil), from birth to age 6 months. PUFA levels were measured in 6-month-old infants' erythrocytes and plasma and their mothers' breast milk. Eczema, food allergy, asthma and sensitizaron were assessed in 323 infants for whom clinical follow-up was completed at 12 months of age. RESULTS: At 6 months of age, infant docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels were significantly higher (both P< .05) and erythrocyte arachidonic acid levels were lower (P= .003) in the fish oil group. Although n-3 PUFA levels at 6 months were associated with lower risk of eczema (P = .033) and recurrent wheeze (P = .027), the association with eczema was not significant after multiple comparisons and there was no effect of the intervention per se on the primary study outcomes. Specifically, between-group comparisons revealed no differences in the occurrence of allergic outcomes including sensitization, eczema, asthma, or food allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal fish oil supplementation improved infant n-3 status but did not prevent childhood allergic disease.
We have previously reported a protective effect of maternal omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in pregnancy and lactation on IgE-associated eczema and food allergy in the infant during the first year of life. Here we investigate whether the effects of the LCPUFA supplementation on IgE-associated diseases last up to 2 yr of age and assess the relationship between plasma proportions of ω-3 PUFAs and the frequency and severity of infant allergic disease. 145 pregnant women, at risk of having an allergic infant, were randomized to daily supplementation with 1.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.1 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo starting in the 25th gestational week and continuing through 3.5 months of breastfeeding. Clinical examinations, skin prick tests and analysis of maternal and infant plasma phospholipid fatty acids and infant specific IgE were performed. No difference in the prevalence of allergic symptoms was found between the intervention groups. The cumulative incidence of IgE-associated disease was lower in the ω-3-supplemented group (6/54, 13%) compared with the placebo group (19/62, 30%, p=0.01). Higher maternal and infant proportions of DHA and EPA were associated with lower prevalence of IgE associated disease (p=0.01-0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Higher maternal and infant proportions of DHA and EPA were found if the infants presented none, when compared with multiple allergic symptoms, (p<0.05) regardless of sensitization. In summary, the ω-3 supplementation offered no obvious preventive effect on the prevalence of clinical symptoms of allergic disease, but the decrease in cumulative incidence of IgE-associated disease seen during the first year still remained until 2 yr of age. Furthermore, high proportions of DHA and EPA in maternal and infant plasma phospholipids were associated with less IgE-associated disease and a reduced severity of the allergic phenotype.
BACKGROUND: The immune system may be modulated with nutrition to prevent the development or to treat the symptoms of allergy. Among other foods, consumption of apples has been linked to reduced incidence of atopic dermatitis and respiratory allergy.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in reducing symptoms of food allergy.
METHODS: In a model of food allergy to ovalbumin (OVA), BALB/c mice were fed with an apple extract either during sensitization or just before the challenge. After the challenge, allergic symptoms were scored, OVA-specific serum immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA, cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells was measured by a multiplex assay and gene expression profiles in the intestine were addressed using quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS: Consumption of the apple extract reduced symptoms of food allergy upon challenge. This was paralleled by reduced levels of intestinal mast cell protease, diminished cytokine secretion by MLN cells and reduced local intestinal mRNA expression of various T-helper type-2 associated and pro-inflammatory genes. Mechanistic studies suggested decrease of mediator release by effector cells and reduction of allergenicity by protein-polyphenol interaction as potential mechanisms responsible for protection.
CONCLUSION: Polyphenol-enriched apple extract can attenuate food allergy symptoms in sensitized mice via two distinct possible mechanisms.
La ingesta materna de ácidos grasos omega-3 (ácidos grasos omega-3) los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) durante el embarazo ha disminuido, posiblemente contribuyendo a un aumento de riesgo actual de la alergia infantil. Objetivo: Describir los efectos de la madre de omega-3 de cadena larga de suplementos de AGPI durante el embarazo y la lactancia sobre la incidencia de las enfermedades alérgicas en la infancia. Métodos: Ciento cuarenta y cinco mujeres embarazadas, afectados por la alergia a sí mismos o tener un esposo o hijo anterior con las alergias, se incluyeron en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y controlado con placebo. La suplementación diaria materna con ácido eicosapentaenoico y 1,6 g 1,1 g de ácido docosahexaenoico, o el placebo se administró desde el 25 (t) semana de gestación en un promedio de 3-4 meses de la lactancia materna. Las pruebas cutáneas, la detección de circulación específicas de inmunoglobulina E (IgE) y los exámenes clínicos de los niños se llevaron a cabo. Resultados: La prevalencia de la alergia alimentaria periodo fue menor en el grupo omega-3 (1/52, 2%) en comparación con el grupo placebo (10/65, el 15%, p <0,05), así como la incidencia de la IgE asociada a eczema (grupo omega-3: 4/52, 8%; grupo placebo: 15/63, el 24%, p <0,05). Conclusión: la madre de omega-3 suplementos de ácidos grasos puede reducir el riesgo de alergia a los alimentos y eczema IgE asociado durante el primer año de vida en niños con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad alérgica.
The numerous health benefits of olive oil are widely known, however, it also provides anti-allergic properties that have not yet been fully defined. In this study, the anti-allergic activity of olive oil was evaluated by analyzing the clinical symptoms and immune-related factors in BALB/c mice that had ingested 600 mg/(kg∙day) olive oil for two weeks prior to the evaluation. An allergy model was subsequently constructed for analysis, the results of which showed that the olive oil reduced the scores of allergic symptoms in the mice, and up-regulated the hypothermia and the decline in the immune organ index. Moreover, fewer allergy-related cytokines and reduced intestinal inflammation was discovered in the olive oil-treated group. In addition, analysis of intestinal mucosal immune-related factors revealed that the olive oil promoted the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1) and IL-22, and helped maintain the integrity of the intestinal epithelial physical barrier. Increased levels of mucin 2 and β-defensin were also found in the intestinal mucus of the olive oil-treated mice. These findings suggest that the oral administration of olive oil effectively attenuated the ovalbumin-induced allergic immune response in the mice, and had a positive effect on intestinal epithelial mucosal immunity
