BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. Umbrella review methodology was used to summarise the effectiveness across a broad range of interventions, in order to identify which interventions should be considered for inclusion within universal health coverage schemes in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We included systematic reviews with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted interventions addressing alcohol use in harmful drinkers or individuals with alcohol use disorder. We only included outcomes related to alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, binge drinking, abstinence, or alcohol-attributable accident, injury, morbidity or mortality. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International HTA Database were searched from inception to 3 September 2021. Risk of bias of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. After reviewing the abstracts of 9,167 articles, results were summarised narratively and certainty in the body of evidence for each intervention was assessed using GRADE. In total, 86 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the majority reported outcomes for brief intervention (30 studies) or pharmacological interventions (29 studies). Overall, methodological quality of included studies was low.
CONCLUSIONS: For harmful drinking, brief interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, and motivational interviewing showed a small effect, whereas mentoring in adolescents and children may have a significant long-term effect. For alcohol use disorder, social network approaches and acamprosate showed evidence of a significant and durable effect. More evidence is required on the effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), nalmefene, and quetiapine, as well as optimal combinations of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. As an umbrella review, we were unable to identify the extent to which variation between studies stemmed from differences in intervention delivery or variation between country contexts. Further research is required on applicability of findings across settings and best practice for implementation. Funded by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, grant number 61-00-1812.
Síntesis amplia/ Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas
El trastorno por déficit de atención / hiperactividad (TDAH) se caracteriza por un patrón persistente y perjudicial de falta de atención y / o hiperactividad / impulsividad y es uno de los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos más comunes. La evidencia sobre las intervenciones de los adultos con TDAH está creciendo rápidamente y los médicos necesitan un resumen fiable de toda la mejor información disponible con el fin de informar mejor su práctica diaria. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO y Cochrane hasta el 31 de mayo de 2016 para revisiones sistemáticas sobre tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en adultos con TDAH y se realizó una meta-revisión para abordar preguntas clínicamente relevantes. Se identificaron un total de 40 artículos. Los agentes psicostimulantes, como el metilfenidato, la dexanfetamina, las sales mixtas de anfetamina y la lisdexamfetamina, y los no psicoestimulantes, como la atomoxetina, fueron los agentes más estudiados. En general, los tratamientos farmacológicos fueron significativamente más eficaces que el placebo (diferencia de medias estandarizada (DME) 0,45, IC del 95%: 0,37 a 0,52), aunque menos aceptada (OR 1,18, IC del 95%: 1,02 a 1,36) y tolerada (OR 2,29; CI 1,97 a 2,66). Los efectos del tratamiento farmacológico para las personas con TDAH coexistente y el trastorno por uso de sustancias son todavía inciertos. La evidencia de la eficacia y eficacia de los tratamientos no farmacológicos del TDAH en adultos, así como la combinación de estrategias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, es sólo preliminar. En conclusión, si bien la evidencia disponible trató principalmente la eficacia y tolerabilidad de los psicoestimulantes y no psicoestimulantes para los síntomas centrales del TDAH en el corto plazo, todavía necesitamos apoyo empírico adicional para los tratamientos no farmacológicos y multimodales. Una jerarquía comprensiva e informada de los fármacos para el TDAH basada en su eficacia y tolerabilidad aún no está disponible, pero debería ser la siguiente prioridad de investigación en el campo.
This study aimed to identify targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. Umbrella review methodology was used to summarise the effectiveness across a broad range of interventions, in order to identify which interventions should be considered for inclusion within universal health coverage schemes in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS AND FINDINGS:
We included systematic reviews with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted interventions addressing alcohol use in harmful drinkers or individuals with alcohol use disorder. We only included outcomes related to alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, binge drinking, abstinence, or alcohol-attributable accident, injury, morbidity or mortality. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International HTA Database were searched from inception to 3 September 2021. Risk of bias of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. After reviewing the abstracts of 9,167 articles, results were summarised narratively and certainty in the body of evidence for each intervention was assessed using GRADE. In total, 86 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the majority reported outcomes for brief intervention (30 studies) or pharmacological interventions (29 studies). Overall, methodological quality of included studies was low.
CONCLUSIONS:
For harmful drinking, brief interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, and motivational interviewing showed a small effect, whereas mentoring in adolescents and children may have a significant long-term effect. For alcohol use disorder, social network approaches and acamprosate showed evidence of a significant and durable effect. More evidence is required on the effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), nalmefene, and quetiapine, as well as optimal combinations of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. As an umbrella review, we were unable to identify the extent to which variation between studies stemmed from differences in intervention delivery or variation between country contexts. Further research is required on applicability of findings across settings and best practice for implementation. Funded by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, grant number 61-00-1812.
Síntesis amplia»Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas
