Fusar-Poli P et al
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Estudio primario

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bases neuronales de la delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol y cannabidiol: efectos en la inhibición de respuesta.

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Revista Biological psychiatry
Año 2008
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Este artículo está incluido en 9 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (9 referencias)

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ANTECEDENTES: Este estudio examinó el efecto del delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y cannabidiol (CBD) en la activación cerebral durante una tarea de inhibición motora. MÉTODOS: La resonancia magnética funcional y las medidas conductuales se registraron mientras que 15 voluntarios sanos realizaron un Go / No-Go tarea después de la administración de cualquiera de THC o CDB o placebo en un estudio doble ciego, los pseudo-aleatorio, medidas repetidas controlados con placebo en un mismo sujeto diseño. RESULTADOS: En comparación con el placebo, THC atenúa la activación en el frontal inferior derecha y la circunvolución del cíngulo anterior. Por el contrario, el CDB desactiva la corteza temporal izquierda y la ínsula. Estos efectos no se relacionaron con cambios en la ansiedad, intoxicación, sedación, y los síntomas psicóticos. Conclusiones: Estos datos sugieren que el THC atenúa la participación de las regiones del cerebro que median la inhibición de la respuesta. CDB función modulada en regiones no suele ser implicado en la inhibición de respuesta.

Estudio primario

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Distinct effects of A9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing

Revista Archives of general psychiatry
Año 2009
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Este artículo está incluido en 9 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (9 referencias) 1 Síntesis amplia Síntesis amplias (1 referencia)

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Context: Cannabis use can both increase and reduce anxiety in humans. The neurophysiological substrates of these effects are unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of 2 main psychoactive constituents of Cannabis sativa (δ9-tetrahydrocan-nabinol [δ9-THC] and cannabidiol [CBD]) on regional brain function during emotional processing. Design: Subjects were studied on 3 separate occasions using an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm while viewing faces that implicitly elicited different levels of anxiety. Each scanning session was preceded by the ingestion of either 10 mg of A9-THC, 600 mg of CBD, or a placebo in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Participants: Fifteen healthy, English-native, right- handed men who had used cannabis 15 times or less in their life. Main Outcome Measures: Regional brain activation (blood oxygenation level-dependent response), electro-dermal activity (skin conductance response [SCR]), and objective and subjective ratings of anxiety.Results: δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol increased anxiety, as well as levels of intoxication, sedation, and psychotic symptoms, whereas there was a trend for a reduction in anxiety following administration of CBD. The number of SCR fluctuations during the processing of intensely fearful faces increased following administration of A9- THC but decreased following administration of CBD. Can-nabidiol attenuated the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in the amygdala and the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex while subjects were processing intenselyfearful faces, and its suppression ofthe amyg-dalar and anterior cingulate responses was correlated with the concurrent reduction in SCR fluctuations. δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol mainly modulated activation in frontal and parietal areas. Conclusions: δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and CBD had clearly distinct effects on the neural, electrodermal, and symptomatic response to fearful faces. The effects of CBD on activation in limbic and paralimbic regions may contribute to its ability to reduce autonomic arousal and subjective anxiety, whereas the anxiogenic effects of δ9-THC may be related to effects in other brain regions. © 2009 American Medical Association.2006;30(8):1466-1471.

Estudio primario

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Modulation of effective connectivity during emotional processing by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol

Revista The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP)
Año 2010
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Este artículo está incluido en 3 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (3 referencias)

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Cannabis sativa, the most widely used illicit drug, has profound effects on levels of anxiety in animals and humans. Although recent studies have helped provide a better understanding of the neurofunctional correlates of these effects, indicating the involvement of the amygdala and cingulate cortex, their reciprocal influence is still mostly unknown. In this study dynamic causal modelling (DCM) and Bayesian model selection (BMS) were used to explore the effects of pure compounds of C. sativa [600 mg of cannabidiol (CBD) and 10 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)] on prefrontal-subcortical effective connectivity in 15 healthy subjects who underwent a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled fMRI paradigm while viewing faces which elicited different levels of anxiety. In the placebo condition, BMS identified a model with driving inputs entering via the anterior cingulate and forward intrinsic connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate as the best fit. CBD but not Δ9-THC disrupted forward connectivity between these regions during the neural response to fearful faces. This is the first study to show that the disruption of prefrontal-subocrtical connectivity by CBD may represent neurophysiological correlates of its anxiolytic properties. Copyright © CINP 2009.

Estudio primario

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Modulation of auditory and visual processing by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: an FMRI study.

Revista Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Año 2011
Enlaces Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

Este artículo está incluido en 5 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (5 referencias)

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Although the effects of cannabis on perception are well documented, little is known about their neural basis or how these may contribute to the formation of psychotic symptoms. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) during visual and auditory processing in healthy volunteers. In total, 14 healthy volunteers were scanned on three occasions. Identical 10 mg THC, 600 mg CBD, and placebo capsules were allocated in a balanced double-blinded pseudo-randomized crossover design. Plasma levels of each substance, physiological parameters, and measures of psychopathology were taken at baseline and at regular intervals following ingestion of substances. Volunteers listened passively to words read and viewed a radial visual checkerboard in alternating blocks during fMRI scanning. Administration of THC was associated with increases in anxiety, intoxication, and positive psychotic symptoms, whereas CBD had no significant symptomatic effects. THC decreased activation relative to placebo in bilateral temporal cortices during auditory processing, and increased and decreased activation in different visual areas during visual processing. CBD was associated with activation in right temporal cortex during auditory processing, and when contrasted, THC and CBD had opposite effects in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus, the right-sided homolog to Wernicke's area. Moreover, the attenuation of activation in this area (maximum 61, -15, -2) by THC during auditory processing was correlated with its acute effect on psychotic symptoms. Single doses of THC and CBD differently modulate brain function in areas that process auditory and visual stimuli and relate to induced psychotic symptoms.