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Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Which interventions for alcohol use should be included in a universal healthcare benefit package? An umbrella review of targeted interventions to address harmful drinking and dependence.

Revista BMC public health
Año 2023
Enlaces Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

Este artículo incluye 85 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (85 referencias)

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of harmful alcohol use. Umbrella review methodology was used to summarise the effectiveness across a broad range of interventions, in order to identify which interventions should be considered for inclusion within universal health coverage schemes in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We included systematic reviews with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted interventions addressing alcohol use in harmful drinkers or individuals with alcohol use disorder. We only included outcomes related to alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, binge drinking, abstinence, or alcohol-attributable accident, injury, morbidity or mortality. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International HTA Database were searched from inception to 3 September 2021. Risk of bias of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. After reviewing the abstracts of 9,167 articles, results were summarised narratively and certainty in the body of evidence for each intervention was assessed using GRADE. In total, 86 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which the majority reported outcomes for brief intervention (30 studies) or pharmacological interventions (29 studies). Overall, methodological quality of included studies was low. CONCLUSIONS: For harmful drinking, brief interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, and motivational interviewing showed a small effect, whereas mentoring in adolescents and children may have a significant long-term effect. For alcohol use disorder, social network approaches and acamprosate showed evidence of a significant and durable effect. More evidence is required on the effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), nalmefene, and quetiapine, as well as optimal combinations of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. As an umbrella review, we were unable to identify the extent to which variation between studies stemmed from differences in intervention delivery or variation between country contexts. Further research is required on applicability of findings across settings and best practice for implementation. Funded by the Thai Health Promotion Foundation, grant number 61-00-1812.

Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Implementation strategies for knowledge products in primary healthcare: a systematic review of systematic reviews.

Revista Interactive journal of medical research
Año 2022
Enlaces Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

Este artículo incluye 81 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (81 referencias)

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BACKGROUND: The underuse or overuse of knowledge products leads to waste in healthcare, and primary care is no exception. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize which knowledge products are frequently implemented, the implementation strategies used in primary care, and the implementation outcomes that are measured. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of systematic reviews (SR) using the Cochrane systematic approach to include eligible SR. The inclusion criteria were: any primary care contexts; healthcare professionals and patients; any EPOC implementation strategies of specified knowledge products; any comparator; and any implementation outcomes based on the Proctor framework. We searched the Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ovid PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to October 2019, without any restriction. We searched the references of the included SR. Pairs of reviewers independently performed selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment with AMSTAR 2. Data extraction was informed by EPOC taxonomy for implementation strategies and the Proctor framework for implementation outcomes. We performed a descriptive analysis and summarized the results using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 11,101 records identified, 81 SR were included. Forty-seven SR involved healthcare professionals alone. Fifteen SR were of high or moderate methodological quality. Most of them addressed one type of knowledge product (56/81), common clinical practice guidelines (26/56) or management, and behavioural or pharmacological health interventions (24/56). Mixed strategies were used for implementation (67/81), predominantly educational-based (meetings in 60/81, materials distribution in 59/81, and academic detailing in 45/81), reminder (53/81) and audit and feedback (40/81) strategies. Education meetings (P=.13) and academic detailing (P=.11) seem to be more used when the population is composed of Healthcare professionals alone. The improvement of the adoption of knowledge products was the most commonly measured outcome (72/81). The evidence level was reported in 10/81 SR on 62 outcomes (including 48 improvement of adoption), of which 16 outcomes were of moderate or high level. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practice guidelines and management, behavioural or pharmacological health interventions are the most commonly implemented knowledge products through the mixed use of educational, reminders and audit and feedback strategies. There is need for a strong methodology for the SR of RCTs to explore their effectiveness and the whole cascade of implementation outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL: Not applicable.

Síntesis amplia

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Initial Medical Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review.

Revista Gastroenterology
Año 2018
Enlaces Pubmed DOI

Este artículo incluye 78 Estudios primarios Estudios primarios (78 referencias) 25 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (25 referencias)

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Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Motivational interviewing, enhancement, and brief interventions over the last decade: A review of reviews of efficacy and effectiveness.

Revista Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Año 2017
Enlaces Pubmed DOI

Este artículo incluye 30 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (30 referencias) 1 Estudio primario Estudios primarios (1 referencia)

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Motivation is a well-established predictor of recovery for addictive behaviors. Treatments aimed at changing substance use and gambling frequently employ motivational enhancing strategies, based in the principles of Motivational Interviewing (MI). Evidence for these approaches across addictive behaviors does not always paint a clear picture. The purpose of this review was to examine existing reviews of motivational-based interventions for various substances of abuse and gambling in the last decade to gain a deeper understanding of the current evidence and implications for future research and clinical practice. Literature searches were conducted to identify review articles from January 1, 2007 to January 30, 2017 for motivational enhancing interventions for alcohol, tobacco, drugs, marijuana, cocaine, opioids, methamphetamines, and gambling. Of the 144 articles assessed we included a total of 34 review articles in our review, including 6 Cochrane reviews. This review supports use of motivationally enhancing interventions across addictive behaviors with strongest evidence supporting use in alcohol and tobacco, with brief interventions showing strong efficacy. There is strong support for MI with marijuana and some support for gambling. Insufficient evidence is available for methamphetamine or opiate use. There are important caveats. In most cases, MI is more effective than no treatment and as effective (but not necessarily more effective) than other active treatments. Findings for effectiveness of more intensive motivational interventions or combinations are mixed. Treatment fidelity assessments, limited subpopulation analyses, and differences in dose, outcomes, and protocol specification continue to pose significant problems for reviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)

Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Does integrated care reduce hospital activity for patients with chronic diseases? An umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Autores Damery S , Flanagan S , Combes G
Revista BMJ open
Año 2016
Enlaces Pubmed DOI PubMed Central

Este artículo incluye 42 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (42 referencias)

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OBJECTIVE: To summarise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of integrated care interventions in reducing hospital activity. DESIGN: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. SETTING: Interventions must have delivered care crossing the boundary between at least two health and/or social care settings. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with one or more chronic diseases. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, ASSIA, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (HTA database, DARE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), EPPI-Centre, TRIP, HEED, manual screening of references. OUTCOME MEASURES: Any measure of hospital admission or readmission, length of stay (LoS), accident and emergency use, healthcare costs. RESULTS: 50 reviews were included. Interventions focused on case management (n=8), chronic care model (CCM) (n=9), discharge management (n=15), complex interventions (n=3), multidisciplinary teams (MDT) (n=10) and self-management (n=5). 29 reviews reported statistically significant improvements in at least one outcome. 11/21 reviews reported significantly reduced emergency admissions (15-50%); 11/24 showed significant reductions in all-cause (10-30%) or condition-specific (15-50%) readmissions; 9/16 reported LoS reductions of 1-7 days and 4/9 showed significantly lower A&E use (30-40%). 10/25 reviews reported significant cost reductions but provided little robust evidence. Effective interventions included discharge management with postdischarge support, MDT care with teams that include condition-specific expertise, specialist nurses and/or pharmacists and self-management as an adjunct to broader interventions. Interventions were most effective when targeting single conditions such as heart failure, and when care was provided in patients' homes. CONCLUSIONS: Although all outcomes showed some significant reductions, and a number of potentially effective interventions were found, interventions rarely demonstrated unequivocally positive effects. Despite the centrality of integrated care to current policy, questions remain about whether the magnitude of potentially achievable gains is enough to satisfy national targets for reductions in hospital activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42015016458.

Síntesis amplia

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Estrategias de prevención del suicidio revisadas: revisión sistemática de 10 años.

automatic
Revista The lancet. Psychiatry
Año 2016
Enlaces Pubmed DOI

Este artículo incluye 36 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (36 referencias) 108 Estudios primarios Estudios primarios (108 referencias)

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ANTECEDENTES: Muchos países están desarrollando estrategias de prevención del suicidio para las cuales se requiere evidencia actualizada y de alta calidad. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed y en la Biblioteca Cochrane utilizando múltiples términos relacionados con la prevención del suicidio para los estudios publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2005 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Se evaluaron siete intervenciones: La educación pública y médica, las estrategias de los medios de comunicación, el cribado, la restricción del acceso a los medios de suicidio, los tratamientos y el apoyo por internet o por línea telefónica. Se extrajeron datos sobre los resultados primarios de interés, a saber, comportamiento suicida (suicidio, intento o ideación) y resultados intermedios o secundarios (búsqueda de tratamiento, identificación de individuos en riesgo, tasas de prescripción o uso de antidepresivos o referencias). 18 expertos en prevención de suicidios de 13 países europeos revisaron todos los artículos y evaluaron la fuerza de la evidencia utilizando los criterios de Oxford. Debido a que la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones y la metodología no permitieron metanálisis formal, presentamos un análisis narrativo. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 1797 estudios, incluyendo 23 revisiones sistemáticas, 12 metaanálisis, 40 ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA), 67 estudios de cohortes y 22 estudios ecológicos o basados ​​en la población. La evidencia de restricción del acceso a medios letales en la prevención del suicidio se ha fortalecido desde 2005, especialmente en lo que se refiere al control de los analgésicos (disminución general del 43% desde 2005) y los puntos calientes de suicidio por salto (reducción del 86% A 91%). Se ha demostrado que los programas de concienciación en la escuela reducen los intentos de suicidio (odds ratio [OR] 0 · 45, IC del 95% 0 · 24-0 85], p = 0, 014) y la ideación suicida (0, 5, -0 · 92; p = 0 · 025). Los efectos anti-suicidas de la clozapina y el litio han sido probados, pero podrían ser menos específicos de lo que se pensaba anteriormente. Los tratamientos farmacológicos y psicológicos eficaces de la depresión son importantes en la prevención. No existen pruebas suficientes para evaluar los posibles beneficios de la prevención del suicidio en la atención primaria, en la educación general del público y en las directrices de los medios de comunicación. Otros enfoques que necesitan más investigación incluyen la formación de guardián, la educación de los médicos, y el apoyo de Internet y ayuda. La escasez de ECA es una limitación importante en la evaluación de las intervenciones preventivas. INTERPRETACIÓN: En la búsqueda de iniciativas eficaces de prevención del suicidio, ninguna estrategia única claramente está por encima de las demás. Las combinaciones de estrategias basadas en la evidencia a nivel individual y el nivel de población deben ser evaluadas con diseños de investigación sólidos. FINANCIACIÓN: Plataforma de Expertos en Salud Mental, Foco en la Depresión, y el Colegio Europeo de Neuropsicofarmacología.

Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Revista Journal of Adolescent Health
Año 2016
Enlaces Pubmed DOI PubMed Central https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=118027226&lang=es&site=ehost-live

Este artículo incluye 46 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (46 referencias)

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Many unhealthy behaviors often begin during adolescence and represent major public health challenges. Substance abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities, as its effects are cumulative, contributing to costly social, physical, and mental health problems. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents. We report findings from a total of 46 systematic reviews focusing on interventions for smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance abuse. Our overview findings suggest that among smoking/tobacco interventions, school-based prevention programs and family-based intensive interventions typically addressing family functioning are effective in reducing smoking. Mass media campaigns are also effective given that these were of reasonable intensity over extensive periods of time. Among interventions for alcohol use, school-based alcohol prevention interventions have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking, while family-based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents. For drug abuse, school-based interventions based on a combination of social competence and social influence approaches have shown protective effects against drugs and cannabis use. Among the interventions targeting combined substance abuse, school-based primary prevention programs are effective. Evidence from Internet-based interventions, policy initiatives, and incentives appears to be mixed and needs further research. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions components with standardized intervention and outcome measures. Various delivery platforms, including digital platforms and policy initiative, have the potential to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents; however, these require further research.

Síntesis amplia / Revisión panorámica de revisiones sistemáticas

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Treating child and adolescent anxiety effectively: Overview of systematic reviews.

Revista Clinical psychology review
Año 2016
Enlaces Pubmed DOI

Este artículo incluye 22 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (22 referencias)

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We conducted an overview of systematic reviews about child and adolescent anxiety treatment options (psychosocial; medication; combination; web/computer-based treatment) to support evidence informed decision-making. Three questions were addressed: (i) Is the treatment more effective than passive controls? (ii) Is there evidence that the treatment is superior to or non-inferior to (i.e., as good as) active controls? (iii) What is the quality of evidence for the treatment? Pre-specified inclusion criteria identified high quality systematic reviews (2000-2015) reporting treatment effects on anxiety diagnosis and symptom severity. Evidence quality (EQ) was rated using Oxford evidence levels [EQ1 (highest); EQ5 (lowest)]. Twenty-two of 39 eligible reviews were high quality (AMSTAR score≥3/5). CBT (individual or group, with or without parents) was more effective than passive controls (EQ1). CBT effects compared to active controls were mixed (EQ1). SSRI/SNRI were more effective than placebo (EQ1) but comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. EQ for combination therapy could not be determined. RCTs of web/computer-based interventions showed mixed results (EQ1). CBM/ABM was not more efficacious than active controls (EQ1). No other interventions could be rated. High quality RCTs support treatment with CBT and medication. Findings for combination and web/computer-based treatment are encouraging but further RCTs are required. Head-to-head comparisons of active treatment options are needed.

Síntesis amplia / Scoping review

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Sólo decirle y ventas: limitaciones actuales en el uso de los medios digitales en la salud pública: una revisión de alcance.

automatic
Revista Public health
Año 2014
Enlaces Pubmed DOI

Este artículo incluye 29 Revisiones sistemáticas Revisiones sistemáticas (29 referencias) 2 Estudios primarios Estudios primarios (2 referencias)

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OBJETIVO: Llevar a cabo una revisión de alcance y mapear la investigación en el área de uso de los medios digitales en la salud pública. Diseño del estudio: revisión de alcance. MÉTODOS: PubMed, PsycINFO, Google y los principales libros de texto de la comunicación en salud pública y la psicología de la salud en busca de estudios primarios o revisiones sistemáticas que examinan el uso de los medios digitales en un contexto de salud. Búsquedas centraron en estudios publicados entre el comienzo de 2000 y finales de junio de 2013. Los resúmenes de las revisiones de las intervenciones de salud pública fueron examinados con respecto a los grupos, tema de salud, características de la intervención, los medios utilizados, el diseño del estudio, cuestiones de calidad y ética, y los resultados objetivo. Para asignar esta área de trabajo completamente, esta información se complementa con la adición de información de los estudios primarios. Se identificaron áreas donde la evidencia revisión sistemática era escasa o inexistente, comparando el mapa final con información de las revisiones analizados. RESULTADOS: 221 revisiones sistemáticas relacionadas con el uso de medios digitales en un contexto de salud pública se incluyeron. Opiniones más incluyeron estudios con un diseño experimental y general "en riesgo" las poblaciones objetivo. Ajustes específicos no se especificaron en la mayoría de las críticas. Una gran variedad de temas de salud estaban cubiertos. Cerca de un cuarto de comentarios no especificó un tema de salud, pero se referían a cuestiones más generales de promoción de la salud, prevención de enfermedades, o educación para la salud. Más de la mitad de las críticas se centraron en la sanidad electrónica y la telemedicina, y otro tercio se referían a los medios de comunicación - marketing social. Comentarios más frecuentemente informaron resultados relacionados con el comportamiento o realizan algún tipo de análisis o análisis de la utilización de medios de comunicación determinados contenidos. Se identificaron brechas en la investigación relativa a la investigación basada en la comunidad, la participación y el empoderamiento, el uso de medios activo (especialmente con respecto a los medios de comunicación visual und uso de metodologías visuales específicos), y el uso de enfoques basados ​​en activos salutogénica o. CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación disponible sobre el uso de los medios digitales en la salud pública está dominada por los estudios relacionados con la salud en línea, telesalud o marketing social; haciendo hincapié en la recepción pasiva de mensajes y un enfoque en los enfoques individuales de cambio de comportamiento. Las cuestiones de la calidad y la ética deben ser tomadas en cuenta de manera más consistente. Se necesitan más investigaciones con respecto a los métodos más participativos, en particular los que se trate de utilizar los medios digitales como un medio para aprovechar los activos individuales y comunitarios.