Estudios primarios incluidos en esta revisión sistemática

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Estudio primario

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Revista Clinical neurology and neurosurgery
Año 2020
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OBJECTIVE: Moderate to severe spasticity is commonly reported in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its management is still a challenge. Cannabinoids were recently suggested as add-on therapy for the treatment of spasticity and chronic pain in MS but there is no conclusive scientific evidence on their safety, especially on cognition and over long periods. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess the long-term effects of a tetrahydrocannabinol-cannabidiol (THC/CBD) oromucosal spray (Sativex®) on cognition, mood and anxiety. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An extensive and specific battery of neuropsychological tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test-SDMT, California Verbal Learning Test-CVLT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-BVMT; PASAT-3 and 2; Free and Cued Selective Remind Test-FCSRT, Index of Sensitivity of Cueing-ISC) was applied to longitudinally investigate different domains of cognition in 20 consecutive MS patients receiving Sativex for spasticity. The primary endpoint was to assess any variation in cognitive performance. Secondary outcomes regarding mood and anxiety were investigated by means of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Any change in patients' spasticity was evaluated using the 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). RESULTS: Twenty per protocol patients were followed up and evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Domains involving processing speed and auditory verbal memory significantly improved within the first 6 months of therapy (SDMT: p < 0.001; CVLT: p = 0.0001). Mood and anxiety did not show any significant variation. Additionally, the NRS score significantly improved since the beginning (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results are encouraging in supporting possible long-term benefits of Sativex on cognition and a wider role than symptom alleviator. Further studies on larger groups of patients would be necessary in order to test this intriguing possibility.

Estudio primario

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Revista European review for medical and pharmacological sciences
Año 2016
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OBJECTIVE: Sativex® is an exclusive cannabinoid-based drug approved for the treatment of spasticity due to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The most common side effects include dizziness, nausea, and somnolence. However, it is still under debate whether the drug could cause negative cognitive effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Sativex® on functional and psychological status in cannabis-naïve MS patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All the study participants (i.e. 40 patients affected by MS) underwent a specific clinical and neuropsychological assessment to investigate spasticity and associated symptoms, besides the cognitive and psychiatric domains commonly impaired in MS, before and after 1 and 6 months of Sativex® administration. RESULTS: After the treatment, we did not observe any significant neurobehavioral impairment in all the patients, but one. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Sativex® treatment does not significantly affect the cognitive and neurobehavioral functions. However, the study supports the relevance of an extensive neuropsychological evaluation in MS patients selected for the drug administration, in an attempt to early detect the uncommon but important neurobehavioral side effects.

Estudio primario

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Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which there is no curative treatment available. Given that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathogenesis of HD mouse models, stimulation of specific targets within this signaling system has been investigated as a promising therapeutic agent in HD. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot clinical trial with Sativex(®), a botanical extract with an equimolecular combination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Both Sativex(®) and placebo were dispensed as an oral spray, to be administered up to 12 sprays/day for 12 weeks. The primary objective was safety, assessed by the absence of more severe adverse events (SAE) and no greater deterioration of motor, cognitive, behavioral and functional scales during the phase of active treatment. Secondary objectives were clinical improvement of Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale scores. Twenty-six patients were randomized and 24 completed the trial. After ruling-out period and sequence effects, safety and tolerability were confirmed. No differences on motor (p = 0.286), cognitive (p = 0.824), behavioral (p = 1.0) and functional (p = 0.581) scores were detected during treatment with Sativex(®) as compared to placebo. No significant molecular effects were detected on the biomarker analysis. Sativex(®) is safe and well tolerated in patients with HD, with no SAE or clinical worsening. No significant symptomatic effects were detected at the prescribed dosage and for a 12-week period. Also, no significant molecular changes were observed on the biomarkers. Future study designs should consider higher doses, longer treatment periods and/or alternative cannabinoid combinations.Clincaltrals.gov identifier: NCT01502046.

Hilo de publicación

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Estudio primario

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Revista Human psychopharmacology
Año 2011
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OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial de abuso y efectos cognitivos de Sativex (Sativex, GW Pharma Ltd. Salisbury, Reino Unido), una vía bucal aerosol que contiene principalmente el delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). MÉTODOS: Se realizó una sola dosis, aleatorizado, doble ciego, cruzado comparando Sativex (4, 8, y 16 aplicaciones consecutivas: 10,8, 21,6 y 43,2 mg de THC, respectivamente) con dronabinol 20 y 40 mg (THC sintético: Marinol, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Bruselas, Bélgica) y placebos en 23 consumidores de cannabis recreativas. Las medidas subjetivas y cognitivas / psicomotoras se administraron durante 24 horas después de la dosis. RESULTADOS: El dronabinol fue significativamente diferente del placebo en las medidas de potencial de abuso, lo que confirma la validez del estudio. Sativex 10,8 mg no fue significativamente diferente del placebo en las medidas primarias, pero era diferente en algunas medidas secundarias. Sativex 21,6 mg fue significativamente mayor que el placebo en algunas medidas primarias / secundarias, mientras que Sativex 43,2 mg mostró efectos significativos en la mayoría de las medidas. Sativex 10,8 mg fue significativamente menor que las dosis de dronabinol en la mayoría de las medidas (p <0,05). Dronabinol 20 mg efectos fueron numéricamente mayor que Sativex 21,6 mg, pero fueron estadísticamente significativas sólo para algunas medidas. El dronabinol 40 mg y 43,2 mg Sativex generalmente no fueron estadísticamente diferentes. Conclusiones: Tanto el dronabinol y Sativex tenían potencial de abuso significativo en comparación con el placebo en dosis más altas. Sativex mostró el potencial de abuso similar o ligeramente inferior en comparación con el dronabinol. Por lo tanto, el potencial de abuso de Sativex no debe ser mayor que la de dronabinol.

Hilo de publicación

Tomassini, Aragona, et al [provisional name] (Cannabinoids for spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis [provisional name])

Este hilo de publicación incluye 3 referencias

Hilo de publicación

GW Pharmaceuticals Ltd. [provisional name] (Cannabis based medicine for multiple sclerosis [provisional name])

Este hilo de publicación incluye 5 referencias

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Revista Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
Año 2004
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Los efectos de los extractos de cannabis en el sueño nocturno, el rendimiento temprano en la mañana, la memoria y la somnolencia fueron estudiados en 8 voluntarios sanos (4 hombres, 4 mujeres; 21 a 34 años). El estudio fue doble ciego y con un diseño cruzado de 4 vías controlado con placebo. Los 4 tratamientos fueron placebo, 15 mg Delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), 5 mg de THC combinado con 5 mg cannabidiol (CBD), y 15 mg de THC combinado con 15 mg de CBD. Estos se formulan en 50:50 etanol a propilenglicol y administrarse usando un spray bucal durante un período de 30 minutos de 22:00. El electroencefalograma se registró durante el período de sueño (11 p.m.-07 a.m.). El rendimiento, la latencia del sueño, y la evaluación subjetiva de la somnolencia y el estado de ánimo se miden a partir de las 8:30 am (10 horas después de la administración del fármaco). No hubo efectos de 15 mg de THC en el sueño nocturno. Con la administración simultánea de los fármacos (5 mg de THC y 5 mg de CBD a 15 mg de THC y 15 mg de CBD), hubo una disminución en la etapa 3 del sueño, y con la combinación de dosis más alta, se aumentó la vigilia. Al día siguiente, con 15 mg de THC, la memoria se deteriora, la latencia del sueño se redujo, y los sujetos informaron de aumento de la somnolencia y los cambios de estado de ánimo. Con la combinación de dosis baja, el tiempo de reacción fue más rápido en la tarea de recuerdo dígitos, y con la combinación de dosis más alta, los sujetos reportaron aumento de la somnolencia y los cambios de estado de ánimo. Quince miligramos aparecería THC para ser sedante, mientras que 15 mg de CBD parece tener propiedades de alerta ya que aumentó la actividad despierto durante el sueño y contrarresta la actividad sedante residual de 15 mg de THC.

Hilo de publicación

GW Pharmaceuticals Ltd. [provisional name] (Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol for Multiple Sclerosis [provisional name])

Este hilo de publicación incluye 4 referencias

Estudio primario

No clasificado

Autores Wade DT , Robson P , House H , Makela P , Aram J
Revista Clinical rehabilitation
Año 2003
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether plant-derived cannabis medicinal extracts (CME) can alleviate neurogenic symptoms unresponsive to standard treatment, and to quantify adverse effects. DESIGN: A consecutive series of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled single-patient cross-over trials with two-week treatment periods. SETTING: Patients attended as outpatients, but took the CME at home. SUBJECTS: Twenty-four patients with multiple sclerosis (18), spinal cord injury (4), brachial plexus damage (1), and limb amputation due to neurofibromatosis (1). INTERVENTION: Whole-plant extracts of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), 1:1 CBD:THC, or matched placebo were self-administered by sublingual spray at doses determined by titration against symptom relief or unwanted effects within the range of 2.5-120 mg/24 hours. Measures used: Patients recorded symptom, well-being and intoxication scores on a daily basis using visual analogue scales. At the end of each two-week period an observer rated severity and frequency of symptoms on numerical rating scales, administered standard measures of disability (Barthel Index), mood and cognition, and recorded adverse events. RESULTS: Pain relief associated with both THC and CBD was significantly superior to placebo. Impaired bladder control, muscle spasms and spasticity were improved by CME in some patients with these symptoms. Three patients had transient hypotension and intoxication with rapid initial dosing of THC-containing CME. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis medicinal extracts can improve neurogenic symptoms unresponsive to standard treatments. Unwanted effects are predictable and generally well tolerated. Larger scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.