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La urticaria-vasculitis es una forma de vasculitis que se presenta en forma de habones eritematosos clínicamente semejantes a la urticaria hemorrágica de tipo alérgica, pero que histológicamente muestra cambios de vasculitis leucocitoclástica. Puede acompañarse de normocomplementemia o hipocomplementemia. En ambas situaciones puede estar asociada a síntomas sistémicos (como por ejemplo, angioedema, artralgias, dolor abdominal, fiebre, enfermedad pulmonar o renal, epiescleritis y uveitis), aunque en los casos en que se acompaña de hipocomplementemia ha sido vinculada con mayor frecuencia a enfermedades del tejido conectivo. El estudio histopatológico permite diferenciar la urticaria hemorrágica alérgica de la urticaria-vasculitis. Presentamos una niña de 5 años con urticaria-vasculitis y normocomplementemia, con lesiones cutáneas típicas asociadas a artralgias y dolor abdominal.
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Se presenta el caso de una niña con diagnóstico de urticaria autoinmunitaria y su evolución terapéutica con omalizumab. Caso clínico. Paciente de sexo femenino de 12 años de edad con un cuadro de urticaria crónica grave y angioedema de 14 meses de evolución, escasa respuesta a dosis máximas de 3 antihistamínicos combinados, antileucotrienos y corticoides, y gran afectación de su calidad de vida. Se realizó una prueba de suero autólogo, que fue positiva hasta la dilución 1:100, llegándose al diagnóstico de urticaria crónica autoinmunitaria. La falta de respuesta al tratamiento lleva a indicar terapia con omalizumab, con una reducción notable de los síntomas hacia la tercera dosis y ausencia de ellos tras 12 meses de tratamiento. Conclusión. El omalizumab podría ser una opción terapéutica para pacientes con urticaria autoinmunitaria que no responden a otros tratamientos.
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Thyroid autoimmunity is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid. The majority cases of chronic urticaria have unknown (idiopathic) causes, with about 30-40 % possibly having an autoimmune substrate. Considering that autoimmune factors may be the common features of both thyroid autoimmunity and urticaria, it is likely that both entities may coexist within the same patient. A number of studies have investigated the association between thyroid autoimmunity and urticaria. However, most of these studies are relatively small sample size, the power achieved in those studies was not sufficient to detect whether there is an association between urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity. The aim of this study is to combine primary data from all relevant studies to produce reliable estimates of the associations between thyroid autoantibodies and urticaria. Literature databases were searched including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang, and CBM databases from January 1980 to December 2013. A total of 14,203 urticaria cases and 12,339 non-urticaria controls were included in this study. From these data, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of positive thyroid autoantibodies in patients with urticaria was higher than non-urticaria controls (TgAb: OR 6.55, 95% CI 3.19-13.42, P<0.00001, I2=67%; TmAb: OR 4.51, 95% CI 2.78-7.33, P<0.00001, I2=47%; TPOAb: OR 8.71, 95% CI 6.89-11.01, P<0.00001, I2=20%, respectively). The results of this meta-analysis suggested that patients with urticaria were more likely to have thyroid autoimmunity than the control groups.
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Objectives: To examine the evidence derived from randomized controlled clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of omalizumab compared to placebo in controlling symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria/chronic spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU). Data source: The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Biomed Central, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Wiley, OVID, and HighwirePress were reviewed. The date limit was set to May 31th, but it was extended to September 30th of 2014 due to a new publication. No language restriction was used. The articles included were randomized trials controlled with placebo in individuals older than 12 years diagnosed with CIU/CSU refractory to conventional treatment, the intervention being, omalizumab at different doses, and the comparison, placebo. The primary outcome was symptom improvement according to the weekly score of urticaria severity (UAS7), the itch severity score (ISS), the weekly score of number of urticarial lesions, the dermatology life quality index, and the chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-QoL). Databases were searched using the following Mesh or EMTREE key words including as intervention omalizumab or humanized monoclonal antibody, compared to placebo and the disease of interest urticaria or angioedema. The title, abstract and article were reviewed by two independent investigators, according to the selection criteria in each of the databases. An assessment of the quality of the articles was performed according to the bias tool from the studies of the Cochrane Collaboration. Information such as author data, date of study, number of participants, interventions, dose and frequency of administration, comparison, time of follow-up, measurements of weekly score of urticaria activity, pruritus severity score, weekly urticarial lesions, percentage of angioedema and post-treatment change were extracted. Frequency of adverse events and the ones suspected to be caused by the intervention drug were included. Results: 770 records were identified in all databases described. 720 were eliminated for failing to meet the inclusion criteria in the first review or for duplicate records. 24 articles were reviewed by abstract, 18 additional articles were further removed, leaving 6 records for inclusion. An experimental study was excluded because it wasn't randomized. Five studies were finally included, with 1117 patients, of these 831 received a dose of omalizumab of 75 mg (183 patients, 16.38%), 150 mg (163 patients, 14.59%), 300 mg (437 patients, 39.12%) or 600 mg (21 patients, 1.8%), as a single dose, or every 4 weeks until 24 weeks maximum. The average age was 42.07 years, predominantly female gender and white ethnicity. It was observed that the use of omalizumab 300 mg lowered the weekly scores of urticarial activity in 19.9 vs. 6.9 on placebo (p <0.01), 19 vs 8.5 and 20.7 vs 8.01 in three studies, the weekly ISS (-9.2 vs. - 3.5, p <0.001, -9.8 vs -5.1 p < 0.01, -8.6 vs -4.0 and -9.4 vs -3.63 p <0.001 in four studies), and the percentage of angioedema-free days (omalizumab 95.5% vs. placebo 89.2% p <0.001, and 91.95% vs. 88.1% p <0.001 in two of the studies respectively). Limitations: The different doses used throughout the study, time of administration and follow-up periods ranged from single dose to monthly dose for 24 weeks. Therefore no meta-analysis of the review was conducted. Conclusions and implications of the main findings: Despite the limitations, it is considered that omalizumab 300 mg is effective in treating chronic idiopathic urticaria refractory to H1 antihistamines. Further studies are required to determine the duration of effective treatment.
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Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by the occurrence of hives, angioedema or both for a period of at least six weeks. Many patients remain symptomatic despite treatment with H1 -antihistamines, even at higher doses. This systematic review assessed the quality of the evidence for the effects of omalizumab as treatment in patients with CSU. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 7 August 2014. Three review authors independently carried out study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Two review authors analysed the data. Five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which included 1116 participants were evaluated. All of the RCTs were judged as low risk of bias. There was a statistically significant improvement in measures of disease activity and quality of life following treatment with omalizumab when compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) -11.58, 95% CI -13.39 to -9.77 and MD -13.12, 95% CI -16.30 to -9.95 respectively). Complete response and partial response was more frequent after treatment with omalizumab (risk ratio (RR) 6.44, 95% CI 3.95 to 10.49 and RR 4.08, 95% CI 2.98 to 5.60 respectively). There was no difference in the proportion of participants reporting adverse events between the omalizumab and placebo treatment groups (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16). There was high quality evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of omalizumab 300 mg per month for the treatment of CSU for up to six months. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.