Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2015
Revista The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

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BACKGROUND:

The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) are widely used in asthma research; however, in studies of newer asthma treatments, mean improvements in these measures compared with placebo arms do not exceed the minimal important difference (MID), particularly when a new treatment is added to current treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to examine the magnitude of AQLQ and ACQ responses achieved with commonly used asthma drugs and factors influencing these end points in clinical trials.

METHODS:

A systematic literature search was conducted to identify blinded randomized controlled trials reporting AQLQ or ACQ results. Mixed treatment comparisons, combined with meta-regression, were then performed.

RESULTS:

Of the 64 randomized controlled trials (42,527 patients) identified, 54 included the AQLQ and 11 included the ACQ as end points. The presence of a run-in period, the nature of treatment during the run-in period, concurrent treatment during the treatment period, and instrument version significantly influenced the change in AQLQ score from baseline and whether it exceeded the MID. When compared with placebo, only inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), with or without a long-acting β-agonist, achieved the MID. The ACQ results were comparable with those of the

AQLQ:

no differences from placebo exceeded the MID, and ICS-based treatments provided the greatest improvements.

CONCLUSION:

The established within-patient MID for the ACQ and AQLQ is not achievable as a group-wise efficacy threshold between treatment arms in clinical studies in which controllers are added to ICS treatment. Thus in addition to reporting mean changes of the instruments, other measurement criteria should be considered, including responder analyses.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2013
Autores Soo YY , Saini B , Moles RJ
Revista Journal of paediatrics and child health
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Acute exacerbation of asthma requires timely and appropriate treatment. Young children are completely reliant on others in this respect. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of staff asthma education programs in ensuring correct treatment for young children experiencing asthma exacerbations in formal care. A systematic review was undertaken of studies focusing on staff asthma education in relation to pharmacological treatment of acute asthma exacerbation. Three randomised controlled trials and seven uncontrolled pre- and post-test intervention studies were included for review. Asthma education was found to increase staff knowledge and confidence in managing asthma. There was a distinct lack of staff performance testing and studies undertaken in the pre-school setting. Staff asthma education appears effective in increasing asthma knowledge; however, utility of this measure is limited with respect to staff performance in treating acute asthma exacerbation. Further studies evaluating asthma education through performance are needed.

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Estudio primario

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Año 1995
Revista International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
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The complex, multifactorial problem of increasing asthma morbidity, especially in minority communities, will not be solved by unidimensional approaches. Appropriately targeted multidimensional intervention programs are needed to control the rising burden of asthma.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2010

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El Asma Bronquial es una de las dos enfermedades respiratorias más prevalentes en el Perú, luego de la Tuberculosis; se calcula que alrededor de un 20 por ciento de la población la padece. El diagnóstico de esta enfermedad tiene que confirmarse con una prueba de espirometría y otros cuyo costo es alto para la población de escasos recursos económicos. Este proyecto intenta demostrar la utilidad de la radiografía de tórax Standard en el diagnóstico de Asma Bronquial demostrando la presencia de hallazgos radiológicos que están pasando inadvertidos.

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:

Se llevo a cabo la evaluación radiológica de pacientes diagnosticados de asma bronquial, mediante prueba de espirometría, con un VEF1 (volumen espiratorio forzado al primer segundo) > del 10 por ciento, a los cuales como medida de control se les solicita una radiografía de tórax Standard. Los hallazgos radiológicos propuestos son los siguientes: Superposición de los tres primeros arcos costales posteriores (Signo de San Marcos) y la presencia de 10 o más arcos costales posteriores hasta el nivel del domo diafragmático, siendo lo normal la presencia de 9 ó menos arcos costales.

RESULTADOS:

Se evalúan 173 casos demostrados de asma bronquial mediante espirometría, prueba de aire frío y clínica, 92 hombres (53.2 por ciento) y 81 mujeres (46.8 por ciento) siendo los resultados los siguientes: 6.9 por ciento presentaron radiografía normal, 93.1 por ciento de los casos presentaron 10 o más arcos costales posteriores; la superposición de los tres primeros arcos costales posteriores se presento en el 71.1 por ciento de los casos. Además, se han encontrado muchos casos de pacientes asintomáticos y sin antecedentes de asma, con estos hallazgos radiológicos, que al ser sometidos a la "prueba de aire frío" y espirometría se demuestra la variación del VEF1 > del 10 por ciento...

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2013
Autores Canova C , Jarvis D , Walker S , Cullinan P
Revista The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma

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Este artículo está incluido en 1 Síntesis amplia 0 Síntesis amplias (1 referencia)

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INTRODUCTION:

The association of respiratory problems with chemical emissions from common indoor materials has been studied but the specific effect of domestic paint has not been widely investigated. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of experimental, occupational and epidemiological studies that examine the adverse respiratory effects of exposure to domestic paints.

METHODS:

A literature search of PubMed together with consultation with an expert resulted in 997 articles published up to May 2011 of which 3 experimental, 4 occupational and 13 epidemiological studies met selection criteria and were included in the review.

RESULTS:

The occupational literature suggested that work as a (non-spray) painter increases the risk of asthma, but it provides little insight to the risks of painting in the domestic setting. All epidemiological studies, except one, reported associations with some asthma-like symptoms. In children at least there was evidence that painting was associated with wheezing, but the study designs and the exposure assessment were unsuitable to differentiate between acute and longer terms affects. We found the epidemiological evidence to be weak and certainly insufficient to infer causality.

CONCLUSION:

The variable quality of the exposure assignment and heterogeneous study design makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions on whether domestic paint exposures cause or exacerbate asthma in children and/or adults.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2007
Autores Alvarez GG , Fitzgerald JM
Revista Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases

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Psychological factors such as anxiety, depressive disorders and/or personality disorders may predispose patients with asthma to near fatal asthma (NFA) or fatal asthma (FA). NFA is defined by an asthma exacerbation resulting in respiratory arrest requiring mechanical ventilation or a pCO(2) >or=45 mm Hg. Most studies have used the case-control study design. Several studies analyzing the effects of psychological factors on the risk of NFA or FA have shown conflicting results. We reviewed all of the literature found by the systematic search done of psychological factors on the risk NFA or FA. A MEDLINE search identified 423 articles between 1960 and March 2006. Seven case-controlled studies were identified following strict applications of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Due to the significant heterogeneity in the measurement of the psychological factors, a summary statistic was not calculated. The trial characteristics were tabulated and qualitative trends were observed to explain the heterogeneity in the results of the studies. Recommendations on future studies in the field are outlined in detail. Following a systematic assessment of all published studies, we cannot conclude that psychological factors increase the risk of NFA and FA.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2014
Autores Rashid Q , Klein R
Revista Southern medical journal
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ANTECEDENTES:

El asma es una enfermedad crónica con una carga de morbilidad significativa, y muchos pacientes no logran alcanzar el control de la enfermedad a pesar del tratamiento médico recomendado. La evidencia reciente sugiere que puede haber beneficios con el uso de la tiotropio agente anticolinérgico de acción prolongada en pacientes con asma.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para determinar el papel del tiotropio en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos con asma.

RESULTADOS:

En seis estudios, 1.773 pacientes fueron aleatorizados y 1.057 recibieron tiotropio como una intervención. El promedio de volumen espiratorio forzado prebroncodilatador en 1 segundo fue 60,1%. Los seis estudios informaron una pequeña pero estadísticamente significativa mejora en la espirometría cuando se utilizó tiotropio en comparación con el control. La mejoría se informó en pacientes con asma moderada y grave, los pacientes no controlados con regímenes anteriores, los pacientes tratados con corticoesteroides inhalados en dosis bajas a altas , y los pacientes tratados con y sin terapia-β agonista de accion larga. Cinco estudios evaluaron los resultados clínicos con tiotropio con tasas de éxito variables. Aunque un gran ensayo aleatorio demostró una reducción en la frecuencia de las exacerbaciones de asma grave con tiotropio, no hay pruebas suficientes para apoyar el argumento de que la terapia con tiotropio conduce a mejoras en las medidas de síntomas de asma, días de control del asma, Scores de calidad de vida relacionados con asma , o uso del inhalador de rescate.

CONCLUSIONES:

Existe una fuerte evidencia de apoyo a la mejora en la espirometría y las exacerbaciones del asma con tiotropio en pacientes con asma moderada y grave; Por lo tanto, el tiotropio puede ser una intervención eficaz en los pacientes con asma.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2003
Autores Wolf FM , Guevara JP , Grum CM , Clark NM , Cates CJ
Revista Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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ANTECEDENTES:

Se han desarrollado programas educativos de automanejo para niños con asma, pero no está claramente definido si estos programas mejoran los resultados.

OBJETIVOS:

Para determinar la eficacia de la educación para el automanejo del asma sobre los resultados de salud en niños.

ESTRATEGIA DE BÚSQUEDA:

Búsqueda sistemática del Grupo Cochrane de Vías Respiratorias (Cochrane Airways Group) y de los Registros Especiales de Ensayos Controlados del Grupo Cochrane de Esquizofrenia (Cochrane Schizophrenia Group) y búsquedas manuales de las listas de referencia de los artículos de revisión relevantes.

CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN:

Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados de programas educativos de automanejo del asma en niños y adolescentes de dos a 18 años.

RECOPILACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE DATOS:

Todos los estudios fueron evaluados de manera independiente por dos revisores. Los desacuerdos fueron resueltos por consenso. Se contactó a los autores del estudio para controlar datos faltantes y para verificar métodos. Los análisis de subgrupos examinaron el impacto del tipo y la intensidad de la intervención educativa, la estrategia de automanejo, el tipo de ensayo, la severidad del asma, la adecuación del seguimiento y la calidad del estudio.

RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES:

De los 45 ensayos identificados, resultaron idóneos 32 estudios que comprendían a 3706 pacientes. Los programas educativos de asma fueron asociados con mejoras moderadas en las mediciones del flujo espiratorio (diferencia de promedios estandarizados [DPE] 0,50, 95% intervalo de confianza [IC] 0,25 a 0,75) y escalas de autoeficacia (DPE 0,36 95% IC 0,15 a 0,57). Los programas educativos fueron asociados con reducciones moderadas de los días de ausentismo escolar (DPE -0,14, 95% IC -0,23 a -0,04), días de actividad restringida (DPE -0,29, 95% IC -0,49 a -0,08), y visitas a la sala de emergencias (DPE -0,21, 95% IC -0,33 a -0,09). Se redujeron las noches con molestias causadas por el asma cuando se realizó la combinación utilizando un modelo de efectos fijos y no un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Los efectos de la educación tuvieron un mayor impacto en la mayoría de los resultados en casos moderados-graves, en comparación con casos de asma leve-moderada y en los estudios que emplearon estrategias de flujo pico versus estrategias basadas en síntomas. Los efectos fueron evidentes dentro de los primeros seis meses, pero en las mediciones de morbilidad y utilización de atención sanitaria fueron más evidentes después de los 12 meses.

CONCLUSIONES DE LOS AUTORES:

Los programas educativos de automanejo del asma en niños mejoran una amplia gama de mediciones de resultados. La educación para el automanejo dirigida a la prevención y al control de ataques debería ser incorporada a la atención rutinaria del asma. Las conclusiones acerca de la eficacia relativa de los diversos componentes están limitadas por la falta de comparaciones directas. Los ensayos futuros de programas de educación sobre el asma deberán centrarse en los resultados de morbilidad y estado funcional, incluyendo la calidad de vida y deberían incluir comparaciones directas de los diversos componentes de las intervenciones.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2006
Revista Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW:

This review examines the commencement of maintenance pharmacotherapy for asthma: inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination with long-acting beta2 agonists.

RECENT FINDINGS:

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials has examined the starting dose of inhaled corticosteroids (high, moderate, low) and the dose regimen (step down versus constant) in asthma. There was no significant difference in key asthma outcomes for step down compared with a constant inhaled corticosteroid dose. There was no significant difference between high or moderate dose inhaled corticosteroid groups (n=11) for morning peak expiratory flow, symptoms and rescue medication use. There may be a benefit from high-dose inhaled corticosteroids for airway hyperresponsiveness. There was a significant improvement in peak expiratory flow and nocturnal symptoms in favour of a moderate inhaled corticosteroid dose compared with low-dose treatment. Long-acting beta2 agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids as initial asthma therapy has been examined in a systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials. Inhaled corticosteroids combined with long-acting beta2 agonists led to significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, morning peak expiratory flow, symptom score and symptom-free days but no difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids. A randomized controlled trial of patients with uncontrolled asthma found a benefit of escalating doses of salmeterol/fluticasone compared with fluticasone on asthma control.

SUMMARY:

Initial inhaled corticosteroid therapy should begin with a constant, moderate dose. Initial therapy with long-acting beta2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroids achieves superior improvement in symptoms and lung function, and at a quicker rate than inhaled corticosteroids alone. There is no benefit in terms of reduced exacerbations unless an escalating inhaled corticosteroid dose strategy is used.

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Revisión sistemática

No clasificado

Año 2013
Revista Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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BACKGROUND:

In some people with asthma, expiratory airflow limitation, premature closure of small airways, activity of inspiratory muscles at the end of expiration and reduced pulmonary compliance may lead to lung hyperinflation. With the increase in lung volume, chest wall geometry is modified, shortening the inspiratory muscles and leaving them at a sub-optimal position in their length-tension relationship. Thus, the capacity of these muscles to generate tension is reduced. An increase in cross-sectional area of the inspiratory muscles caused by hypertrophy could offset the functional weakening induced by hyperinflation. Previous studies have shown that inspiratory muscle training promotes diaphragm hypertrophy in healthy people and patients with chronic heart failure, and increases the proportion of type I fibres and the size of type II fibres of the external intercostal muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, its effects on clinical outcomes in patients with asthma are unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training with either an external resistive device or threshold loading in people with asthma.

SEARCH METHODS:

We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of trials, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov and reference lists of included studies. The latest search was performed in November 2012.

SELECTION CRITERIA:

We included randomised controlled trials that involved the use of an external inspiratory muscle training device versus a control (sham or no inspiratory training device) in people with stable asthma.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:

We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration.

MAIN RESULTS:

We included five studies involving 113 adults. Participants in four studies had mild to moderate asthma and the fifth study included participants independent of their asthma severity. There were substantial differences between the studies, including the training protocol, duration of training sessions (10 to 30 minutes) and duration of the intervention (3 to 25 weeks). Three clinical trials were produced by the same research group. Risk of bias in the included studies was difficult to ascertain accurately due to poor reporting of methods.
The included studies showed a statistically significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength, measured by maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) (mean difference (MD) 13.34 cmH2O, 95% CI 4.70 to 21.98, 4 studies, 84 participants, low quality evidence). Our other primary outcome, exacerbations requiring a course of oral or inhaled corticosteroids or emergency department visits, was not reported. For the secondary outcomes, results from one trial showed no statistically significant difference between the inspiratory muscle training group and the control group for maximal expiratory pressure, peak expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, sensation of dyspnoea and use of beta2-agonist. There were no studies describing inspiratory muscle endurance, hospital admissions or days off work or school.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:

There is no conclusive evidence in this review to support or refute inspiratory muscle training for asthma. The evidence was limited by the small number of trials with few participants together with the risk of bias. More well conducted randomised controlled trials are needed. Future trials should investigate the following outcomes: lung function, exacerbation rate, asthma symptoms, hospital admissions, use of medications and days off work or school. Inspiratory muscle training should also be assessed in people with more severe asthma and conducted in children with asthma.

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